Аннотация
Providing sophisticated web Quality of Experience (QoE) has become paramount for web service
providers and network operators alike. Due to advances in web technologies (HTML5, respon-
sive design, etc.), traditional web QoE models focusing mainly on loading times have to be
refined and improved. In this work, we relate Google’s Core Web Vitals, a set of metrics for
improving user experience, to the loading time aspects of web QoE, and investigate whether
the Core Web Vitals and web QoE agree on the perceived experience. To this end, we first
perform objective measurements in the web using Google’s Lighthouse. To close the gap be-
tween metrics and experience, we complement these objective measurements with subjective
assessment by performing multiple crowdsourcing QoE studies. For this purpose, we developed
CWeQS, a customized framework to emulate the entire web page loading process, and ask users
for their experience while controlling the Core Web Vitals, which is available to the public.
To properly configure CWeQS for the planned QoE study and the crowdsourcing setup, we conduct
pre-studies, in which we evaluate the importance of the loading strategy of a web page and the impor-
tance of the user task. The obtained insights allow us to conduct the desired QoE studies for each of
the Core Web Vitals. Furthermore, we assess the impact of cookie consent banners, which have become
ubiquitous due to regulatory demands, on the Core Web Vitals and investigate their influence on web
QoE. Our results suggest that the Core Web Vitals are much less predictive for web QoE than expected
and that page loading times remain the main metric and influence factor in this context. We further
observe that unobtrusive and acentric cookie consent banners are preferred by end-users and that addi-
tional delays caused by interacting with consent banners in order to agree to or reject cookies should be
accounted along with the actual page load time to reduce waiting times and thus to improve web QoE.
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