%0 Journal Article %1 Mileikowsky2000 %A Mileikowsky, C. %A Cucinotta, F. A. %A Wilson, J. W. %A Gladman, B. %A Horneck, G. %A Lindegren, L. %A Melosh, J. %A Rickman, H. %A Valtonen, M. %A Zheng, J. Q. %D 2000 %J Planetary and Space Science %K BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; EARTH; LIFE; MARS METEORITES; ORIGIN; REPAIR; RESPONSES; SPORES; %N 11 %P 1107--1115 %T Risks threatening viable transfer of microbes between bodies in our solar system %V 48 %X A fraction of the number of ejecta expelled from a planet by comet or asteroid impacts end up landing on another planet. If microorganisms were living in the ground before impact, they would be transported inside ejecta to the target planet. During that perilous trip, they would be subject to four main categories of threat to their survival: dynamical stress, excess temperature, radiation, chemical attack and vacuum. The effect of these, in the form of survival fractions as a function of time, as well as approximate numbers of arriving ejecta with viable flight times, have been investigated in a quantitative study we have made. The result shows that viable transfer from Mars to Earth and vice versa was highly probable during the first 0.5 Ga, and also probable, but with lower frequency, thereafter. Here we follow up with considerations about the consequences of the result regarding the question of whether the ancestor cell of all life on Earth must have originated on Earth, or whether it could have originated on Mars, its descendants thereafter moving to Earth. Some other possible consequences are also discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{Mileikowsky2000, abstract = {A fraction of the number of ejecta expelled from a planet by comet or asteroid impacts end up landing on another planet. If microorganisms were living in the ground before impact, they would be transported inside ejecta to the target planet. During that perilous trip, they would be subject to four main categories of threat to their survival: dynamical stress, excess temperature, radiation, chemical attack and vacuum. The effect of these, in the form of survival fractions as a function of time, as well as approximate numbers of arriving ejecta with viable flight times, have been investigated in a quantitative study we have made. The result shows that viable transfer from Mars to Earth and vice versa was highly probable during the first 0.5 Ga, and also probable, but with lower frequency, thereafter. Here we follow up with considerations about the consequences of the result regarding the question of whether the ancestor cell of all life on Earth must have originated on Earth, or whether it could have originated on Mars, its descendants thereafter moving to Earth. Some other possible consequences are also discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.}, added-at = {2009-11-03T20:21:25.000+0100}, author = {Mileikowsky, C. and Cucinotta, F. A. and Wilson, J. W. and Gladman, B. and Horneck, G. and Lindegren, L. and Melosh, J. and Rickman, H. and Valtonen, M. and Zheng, J. Q.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/28abf999d45ff676c6583e51a05ce362b/svance}, citedreferences = {ARRHENIUS S, 1903, UMSCHAU, V7, P481 ; BALTSCHUKAT K, 1991, RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH, V30, P87 ; BATTISTA JR, 1997, ANNU REV MICROBIOL, V51, P203 ; CROWE LM, 1992, ADV SPACE RES, V12, P239 ; CUCINOTTA FA, 1995, ADV SPACE RES, V18, P183 ; FRITZNIGGLI H, 1988, STRAHLENGEFAHRDUNG S ; GLADMAN BJ, 1996, Science, V271, P1387 ; GLADMAN BJ, 1996, Science, V274, P161 ; HEAD J, 1999, COMMUNICATION ; HOME S, 1995, AM BOOK REV, V16, P8 ; HORNECK G, 1993, ORIGINS LIFE, V23, P37 ; KARRAN P, 1980, J MOL BIOL, V140, P101 ; LAWLEY PD, 1968, BIOCHEM J, V108, P433 ; MATTIMORE V, 1996, J BACTERIOL, V178, P633 ; MELOSH HJ, 1984, Icarus, V59, P234 ; MILEIKOWSKY C, 2000, Icarus, V145, P391 ; MILEIKOWSKY C, 2000, UNPUB EGS ANN C 1999 ; MINTON KW, 1994, MOL MICROBIOL, V13, P9 ; MOJZSIS SJ, 1996, Nature, V384, P55 ; MOSELEY BEB, 1983, PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL, V7, P223 ; RICHTER H, 1865, SCHMIDTS JB GES MED, V126, P243 ; SCHIDLOWSKI M, 1988, Nature, V333, P313 ; SCHOPF JW, 1993, Science, V260, P640 ; SETLOW P, 1995, ANNU REV MICROBIOL, V49, P29 ; SLEEP NH, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET, V103, P28529 ; VICKERY AM, 1987, Science, V237, P738 ; WILSON JW, 1995, TP3495 NASA}, interhash = {0e75f969dffebce73e18120fbd7b9e55}, intrahash = {8abf999d45ff676c6583e51a05ce362b}, journal = {Planetary and Space Science}, keywords = {BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; EARTH; LIFE; MARS METEORITES; ORIGIN; REPAIR; RESPONSES; SPORES;}, number = 11, owner = {svance}, pages = {1107--1115}, timestamp = {2009-11-03T20:22:05.000+0100}, title = {Risks threatening viable transfer of microbes between bodies in our solar system}, volume = 48, year = 2000 }