Abstract
Bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs) have hydrophilic surfaces due
to hydroxyl groups but are water-insoluble. The carboxymethylation
improves the solubility of cellulose in polar media through the
insertion of carboxymethyl groups. This study aims to evaluate the use
of two different alcoholic solvents in the carboxymethylation reaction
of BCNCs: ethanol and isopropanol. BCNCs were obtained under two
hydrolysis conditions: sulfuric acid (BCNC-S) and combination of
sulfuric and hydrochloric acids (BCNC-S/Cl). Two techniques (NMR and
titration) were used to determine the degree of substitution (DS)
values. Carboxymethylation of BCNC-S/Cl led to high DS compared to
BCNC-S and the use of isopropanol promoted an even greater DS. The
thermal properties were not affected after the chemical modification.
However, functionalization provided an increase in the negative charge
density at the surface of nanostructures and a change in the crystal
structure (cellulose type I for amorphous), making this material a
potential polyanion for the synthesis of polyelectrolyte complexes
(PECs). The micrographs showed that the nanocrystals became soluble
after carboxymethylation. Carboxymethylated bacterial cellulose
nanocrystals hydrolyzed through the mixture of inorganic acids and
modified using isopropanol (CBCNC-S/Cl-IPA) was a suitable polyanion to
produce PECs with chitosan. The PECs produced had particle size ranging
from 276 to 588nm and zeta potential ranging from -24.3 to +39.0mV.
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