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Does water kill? A call for less casual causal inferences.

. Annals of epidemiology, 26 (10): 674-680 (2016)Causalitat; Observacionals.
DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.08.016

Abstract

"Can this number be interpreted as a causal effect?" is a key question for scientists and decision makers. The potential outcomes approach, a quantitative counterfactual theory, describes conditions under which the question can be answered affirmatively. This article reviews one of those conditions, known as consistency, and its implications for real world decisions.

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