Mangrove trees dominate coastal vegetation in tropical regions, but are completely replaced by herbaceous salt marshes at latitudes above 32N and 40S. Because water deficit can increase damage caused by freezing, we hypothesized that mangroves, which experience large deficits as a result of saline substrates, would suffer freeze-induced xylem failure. Vulnerability to freeze-induced xylem embolism was examined in the most poleward mangrove species in North America, in an area where freezing is rare but severe, and in Australia, in an area where freezing is frequent but mild. Percentage loss in hydraulic conductivity was measured following manipulations of xylem tension; xylem sap ion concentration was determined using X-ray microanalysis. Species with wider vessels suffered 60100\% loss of hydraulic conductivity after freezing and thawing under tension, while species with narrower vessels lost as little as 1340\% of conductivity. These results indicate that freeze-induced embolism may play a role in setting the latitudinal limits of distribution in mangroves, either through massive embolism following freezing, or through constraints on water transport as a result of vessel size.
(private-note)So freezing limits conduit diameter, and salinity limits transpiration also, so the water restrictions imposed by both of these puts limits on gas exchange. They need large investment in woody structures which saltmarsh species don't need. hydraulic weighted diameter can be D(subscript h)
%0 Journal Article
%1 Stuartetal_07
%A Stuart, S. A.
%A Choat, B.
%A Holbrook, N. M.
%A Ball, M. C.
%D 2007
%J New Phytologist
%K bibtex-import, cited\_ch2, citeulikeExport freezebolism, hydraulics, snowgumpapermaybe, solutes, techniques
%P 576--583
%T The role of freezing in setting the latitudinal limits of mangrove forests
%V 173
%X Mangrove trees dominate coastal vegetation in tropical regions, but are completely replaced by herbaceous salt marshes at latitudes above 32N and 40S. Because water deficit can increase damage caused by freezing, we hypothesized that mangroves, which experience large deficits as a result of saline substrates, would suffer freeze-induced xylem failure. Vulnerability to freeze-induced xylem embolism was examined in the most poleward mangrove species in North America, in an area where freezing is rare but severe, and in Australia, in an area where freezing is frequent but mild. Percentage loss in hydraulic conductivity was measured following manipulations of xylem tension; xylem sap ion concentration was determined using X-ray microanalysis. Species with wider vessels suffered 60100\% loss of hydraulic conductivity after freezing and thawing under tension, while species with narrower vessels lost as little as 1340\% of conductivity. These results indicate that freeze-induced embolism may play a role in setting the latitudinal limits of distribution in mangroves, either through massive embolism following freezing, or through constraints on water transport as a result of vessel size.
@article{Stuartetal_07,
abstract = {{Mangrove trees dominate coastal vegetation in tropical regions, but are completely replaced by herbaceous salt marshes at latitudes above 32N and 40S. Because water deficit can increase damage caused by freezing, we hypothesized that mangroves, which experience large deficits as a result of saline substrates, would suffer freeze-induced xylem failure. Vulnerability to freeze-induced xylem embolism was examined in the most poleward mangrove species in North America, in an area where freezing is rare but severe, and in Australia, in an area where freezing is frequent but mild. Percentage loss in hydraulic conductivity was measured following manipulations of xylem tension; xylem sap ion concentration was determined using X-ray microanalysis. Species with wider vessels suffered 60100\% loss of hydraulic conductivity after freezing and thawing under tension, while species with narrower vessels lost as little as 1340\% of conductivity. These results indicate that freeze-induced embolism may play a role in setting the latitudinal limits of distribution in mangroves, either through massive embolism following freezing, or through constraints on water transport as a result of vessel size.}},
added-at = {2019-03-31T01:14:40.000+0100},
author = {Stuart, S. A. and Choat, B. and Holbrook, N. M. and Ball, M. C.},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/254ceb858e6695bf9a7f161dba1734cd4/dianella},
citeulike-article-id = {1524065},
comment = {(private-note)So freezing limits conduit diameter, and salinity limits transpiration also, so the water restrictions imposed by both of these puts limits on gas exchange. They need large investment in woody structures which saltmarsh species don't need. hydraulic weighted diameter can be D(subscript h)},
interhash = {9bb82ab004f58195f3001971c1916287},
intrahash = {54ceb858e6695bf9a7f161dba1734cd4},
journal = {New Phytologist},
keywords = {bibtex-import, cited\_ch2, citeulikeExport freezebolism, hydraulics, snowgumpapermaybe, solutes, techniques},
pages = {576--583},
posted-at = {2007-07-31 07:05:32},
priority = {2},
timestamp = {2019-03-31T01:16:26.000+0100},
title = {{The role of freezing in setting the latitudinal limits of mangrove forests}},
volume = 173,
year = 2007
}