Abstract
Developing validated tests for consciousness (C-tests) applicable to many different systems is a key challenge for consciousness science. We suggest a framework for doing so, highlighting fundamental challenges with respect to validation.We propose a four-dimensional space within which potential C-tests can be positioned.We suggest that a promising strategy is to focus on non-trivial human cases (infants, fetuses, disorders of consciousness) and then progress toward nonhuman systems (animals, artificial intelligence, neural organoids).C-tests can inform and shape our understanding of consciousness and our evaluation of theories of consciousness.
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