%0 Journal Article %1 Waltz1981 %A Waltz, J. M. %A Reynolds, L. O. %A Riklan, M. %D 1981 %J Appl Neurophysiol %K Adolescent; Adult; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electrodes, Implanted; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Muscle Spasticity; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Posture; Speech Spinal Cord; Torticollis %N 4 %P 244--257 %T Multi-lead spinal cord stimulation for control of motor disorders. %V 44 %X This report presents observations in 160 patients undergoing chronic spinal cord stimulation for various disorders of the motor system and compares the results obtained using older conventional two-electrode bipolar stimulation with a newly developed four-electrode multiple level system. Improvement was noted in 84\% of the 75 patients with cerebral palsy, 67\% of the 42 patients with dystonia, 62\% of the 21 patients with torticollis and 73\% of the 22 patients with post-traumatic neurologic loss. Significant improvements were noted when comparing the two-electrode system with the new multiple level electrode. Marked to moderately improved patients increased from 57 to 84\% in cerebral palsy, from 44 to 82\% in dystonia, from 53 to 75\% in torticollis and from 53 to 80\% in dystonia, from 53 to 75\% in torticollis and from 53 to 80\% in posttraumatic neurologic conditions. There was a corresponding marked drop in unimproved patients in each condition.

@article{Waltz1981, abstract = {This report presents observations in 160 patients undergoing chronic spinal cord stimulation for various disorders of the motor system and compares the results obtained using older conventional two-electrode bipolar stimulation with a newly developed four-electrode multiple level system. Improvement was noted in 84\% of the 75 patients with cerebral palsy, 67\% of the 42 patients with dystonia, 62\% of the 21 patients with torticollis and 73\% of the 22 patients with post-traumatic neurologic loss. Significant improvements were noted when comparing the two-electrode system with the new multiple level electrode. Marked to moderately improved patients increased from 57 to 84\% in cerebral palsy, from 44 to 82\% in dystonia, from 53 to 75\% in torticollis and from 53 to 80\% in dystonia, from 53 to 75\% in torticollis and from 53 to 80\% in posttraumatic neurologic conditions. There was a corresponding marked drop in unimproved patients in each condition.}, added-at = {2014-07-19T21:54:01.000+0200}, author = {Waltz, J. M. and Reynolds, L. O. and Riklan, M.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2d026a751a44074583ea9235eea9cbc6e/ar0berts}, groups = {public}, interhash = {8b223dd5e4a053e697805ec8ff11a58b}, intrahash = {d026a751a44074583ea9235eea9cbc6e}, journal = {Appl Neurophysiol}, keywords = {Adolescent; Adult; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Dystonia Musculorum Deformans; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Electrodes, Implanted; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Muscle Spasticity; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Posture; Speech Spinal Cord; Torticollis}, number = 4, pages = {244--257}, pmid = {6978682}, timestamp = {2014-07-19T21:54:01.000+0200}, title = {Multi-lead spinal cord stimulation for control of motor disorders.}, username = {ar0berts}, volume = 44, year = 1981 }