Abstract
Leaves of Trachycarpus fortunei from palms growing in warm temperate regions of Europe and Japan as outdoor ornementals were cooled down to low subfreezing temperatures, and the process of ice formation was followed using differential thermal analysis (DTA). Inactivation of photosynthetic function was determined by in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence, and the progress of injuries during freezing was assayed by viability tests after thawing. Ultrastructure of mesophyll cells was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Silica incrustation of cell walls was documented by means of EDAX on samples of Trachycarpus fortunei, Washingtonia filifera and of the bamboo Pseudoasa japonica
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