Zusammenfassung
Here, we review the neural correlates of cognitive control
associated with bilingualism. We demonstrate that lifelong
practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to
both the structure and function of the brain. Compared with
monolinguals, bilinguals generally show greater gray matter
volume, especially in perceptual/motor regions, greater white
matter integrity, and greater functional connectivity between
gray matter regions. These changes complement
electroencephalography findings showing that bilinguals devote
neural resources earlier than monolinguals. Parallel functional
findings emerge from the functional magnetic resonance imaging
literature: bilinguals show reduced frontal activity, suggesting
that they do not need to rely on top-down mechanisms to the same
extent as monolinguals. This shift for bilinguals to rely more
on subcortical/posterior regions, which we term the bilingual
anterior-to-posterior and subcortical shift (BAPSS), fits with
results from cognitive aging studies and helps to explain why
bilinguals experience cognitive decline at later stages of
development than monolinguals.
- *eeg,_*multilingualism,_*brain_function,_*brain_structure,_*fmri,_brain_mapping,_brain/*physiology,_cognition/*physiology,_computer-assisted,_gray_matter/*physiology,_humans,_image_processing,_language,_magnetic_resonance_imaging,_white_matter/physiology
- bilingualism
- brain_function
- brain_structure
- eeg
- fmri,*bilingualism
- myown
Nutzer