Model of pedagogical practices around various scaffolding strategies to support ESL learners in learning content and developing language in mainstream curricula.
There is a tendency to argue for or against bilingual education in terms of productivity (student attainment expressed as test scores), and that productivity is discussed in terms of division of time, curriculum and speakers. Although this orientation has produced some valuable macro- level accounts, it does not address the need for close-up interaction data showing how language(s) are used by teachers and students in classroom activities.
Bilingual education, in its many manifestations, can be used to
serve a number of educational and social goals which include:
• promotion of a majority language in a linguistically diverse society;
• promotion of a minority language in a linguistically diverse society;
• promotion of both majority and minority languages in a linguistically diverse society; • revitalization of a local minority language in a linguistically diverse society;
• promotion of foreign language in a foreign language learning context.
Leung focusses on two less commonly discussed areas: (a) the ways in which the notion of language as medium of instruction is abstracted in scholarly discussions and research; and (b) pedagogic integration of curriculum learning and language learning, foregrounding the need to attend explicitly to issues of language learning, particularly second language/additional language learning in bilingual education.
Language learning, especially second/additional language learning, is not an automatic and universal process for all learners p.11
Examination of how the chosen medium of instruction has been used and exploited in teaching materials and classroom processes would open up new angles of research. Combining these two aspects of language use is likely to enrich the classroom research agenda within bilingual education. p. 12
Nobody knows technical fouls better than Ron Artest, period. You can probably make an argument for Rasheed or Malone but no one took it to another level than
Creese criticizes the approach to CBLT in western countries. It has been claimed that the UK approach cannot be considered content-based language teaching. Creese’s study supports this, by arguing that:
•the EAL teacher does most of the language work while the subject teachers focus on the curriculum work
•when teachers focus on the referential (as opposed to metalinguistic) function of language they concentrate mainly on introducing new vocabulary.
A. Nenkova, and R. Passonneau. Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: HLT-NAACL 2004, page 145--152. Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Association for Computational Linguistics, (2004)