Perplexity is a useful metric to evaluate models in Natural Language Processing (NLP). This article will cover the two ways in which it is normally defined and the intuitions behind them. A language…
What is the information storage capacity of Earth, and how full is it today? The answer tells us surprising things about the growth of order in the universe
The purpose and scope of the International Journal of Thermodynamics is to provide a forum for the publication of original theoretical and applied work in the field of thermodynamics as it relates to systems, states, processes, and both non-equilibrium and equilibrium phenomena at all temporal and spatial scales. The journal, thus, provides a multidisciplinary and international platform for the dissemination to academia and industry of both scientific and engineering contributions, which touch upon a broad class of disciplines that are foundationally linked to thermodynamics and the methods and analyses derived there from. A common thread throughout is that of assessing how both the first and particularly the second laws of thermodynamics touch upon these disciplines.
Today 96 years ago, Claude E. Shannon was born, the "father of information theory", whose groundbreaking work ushered in the Digital Revolution. Of course Shannon is famous for having founded information theory with one landmark paper published in 1948.
Web site content explains the modern view of entropy change and the dispersal of energy in a process (at a specific temperature). It has been selected for instructors in general and physical chemistry by Dr. Frank L. Lambert, Professor Emeritus (Chemistry) of Occidental College, Los Angeles.
These lecture notes are intended for students studying PC235 Thermal and Statistical Physics. They are not a substitute for lectures, nor for text books, but are intended to help understand the most important ideas.
The Blue-book entry with the syllabus and textbook details can be found here.
The tentative lecture schedule is here.
The tutorial examples can be found here.
Entropy, an international and interdisciplinary Open Access journal of entropy and information studies, is published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) online quarterly.
(ISSN 1099-4300; CODEN: ENTRFG)
N. Laflorencie. (2021)cite arxiv:2112.09102Comment: Chapter in "Springer volume: Entanglement in Spin Chains -- Theory and Quantum Technology Applications". arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1411.0660.
S. Chatterjee, и P. Diaconis. (2011)cite arxiv:1102.2650Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOS1155 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org).
D. Galvin. (2014)cite arxiv:1406.7872Comment: Notes prepared to accompany a series of tutorial lectures given by the author at the 1st Lake Michigan Workshop on Combinatorics and Graph Theory, Western Michigan University, March 15--16 2014.