Electrostatic hazards associated with marine chemical tanker operations:
Criteria of incendivity in tank cleaning operations.
M. Jones, and J. Bond. Chemical Engineering research and Design (Transactions of the Institution
of Chemical Engineers, Part A), 62 (5):
327--333(September 1984)
Abstract
This study considers the hazard of ignition of a flammable atmosphere
within a chemical cargo tank by an electrical discharge from a water
slug originating from a washing machine. A mathematical model is
developed to establish a threshold electrostatic condition of the
tank atmosphere which would give rise to a hazardous situation. The
model involves worst case assumptions regarding minimum ignition
energy, slug size, spark cooling by water mist, vapor concentration,
charge transfer and geometrical factors. The calculated hazardous
threshold potentials obtained from the model for various chemicals
are compared, for the same tank volume and position, with actual
measured values obtained on marine chemical tankers. All measured
values are below the threshold, although some are very close. The
historical fire and explosion data for marine chemical tankers has
been examined and confirms that no incident of ignition within a
cargo tank has occurred as a result of static generated by water
washing machines.
%0 Journal Article
%1 Jones:1984
%A Jones, M. R. O.
%A Bond, J.
%D 1984
%J Chemical Engineering research and Design (Transactions of the Institution
of Chemical Engineers, Part A)
%K cleaning electrostatics; flammable in incendivity materials; operations tank tankers;
%N 5
%P 327--333
%T Electrostatic hazards associated with marine chemical tanker operations:
Criteria of incendivity in tank cleaning operations.
%V 62
%X This study considers the hazard of ignition of a flammable atmosphere
within a chemical cargo tank by an electrical discharge from a water
slug originating from a washing machine. A mathematical model is
developed to establish a threshold electrostatic condition of the
tank atmosphere which would give rise to a hazardous situation. The
model involves worst case assumptions regarding minimum ignition
energy, slug size, spark cooling by water mist, vapor concentration,
charge transfer and geometrical factors. The calculated hazardous
threshold potentials obtained from the model for various chemicals
are compared, for the same tank volume and position, with actual
measured values obtained on marine chemical tankers. All measured
values are below the threshold, although some are very close. The
historical fire and explosion data for marine chemical tankers has
been examined and confirms that no incident of ignition within a
cargo tank has occurred as a result of static generated by water
washing machines.
@article{Jones:1984,
abstract = {This study considers the hazard of ignition of a flammable atmosphere
within a chemical cargo tank by an electrical discharge from a water
slug originating from a washing machine. A mathematical model is
developed to establish a threshold electrostatic condition of the
tank atmosphere which would give rise to a hazardous situation. The
model involves worst case assumptions regarding minimum ignition
energy, slug size, spark cooling by water mist, vapor concentration,
charge transfer and geometrical factors. The calculated hazardous
threshold potentials obtained from the model for various chemicals
are compared, for the same tank volume and position, with actual
measured values obtained on marine chemical tankers. All measured
values are below the threshold, although some are very close. The
historical fire and explosion data for marine chemical tankers has
been examined and confirms that no incident of ignition within a
cargo tank has occurred as a result of static generated by water
washing machines.},
added-at = {2010-01-05T23:12:10.000+0100},
author = {Jones, M. R. O. and Bond, J.},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b936faf7c638bf11621d4e98d637b33c/sjp},
interhash = {cd081758746cb8bc1fdb9d427969cdd6},
intrahash = {b936faf7c638bf11621d4e98d637b33c},
journal = {Chemical Engineering research and Design (Transactions of the Institution
of Chemical Engineers, Part A)},
keywords = {cleaning electrostatics; flammable in incendivity materials; operations tank tankers;},
month = {September},
number = 5,
pages = {327--333},
review = {distinguishes between chemical and oil tankers; greater safety in
former is attributed to tank design and lack of slugs from washing
machines.},
timestamp = {2010-01-19T17:39:44.000+0100},
title = {{E}lectrostatic hazards associated with marine chemical tanker operations:
{C}riteria of incendivity in tank cleaning operations.},
volume = 62,
year = 1984
}