%0 Journal Article %1 Sacketal_03 %A Sack, L. %A Cowan, P. D. %A Jaikumar, N. %A Holbrook, N. M. %D 2003 %J Plant, Cell and Environment %K bibtex-import, citeulikeExport gas\_exchange, hydraulics, kleaf, techniques %P 1343--1356 %T The 'hydrology' of leaves: co-ordination of structure and function in temperate woody species %V 26 %X The hydraulic conductance of the leaf lamina (Klamina) substantially constrains whole-plant water transport, but little is known of its association with leaf structure and function. Klamina was measured for sun and shade leaves of six woody temperate species growing in moist soil, and tested for correlation with the prevailing leaf irradiance, and with 22 other leaf traits. K lamina varied from 7.40 10- 5 kg m- 2 s- 1 MPa-1 for Acer saccharum shade leaves to 2.89 10-4 kg m-2 s-1 MPa-1 for Vitis labrusca sun leaves. Tree sun leaves had 15?67\% higher K lamina than shade leaves. K lamina was co-ordinated with traits associated with high water flux, including leaf irradiance, petiole hydraulic conductance, guard cell length, and stomatal pore area per lamina area. K lamina was also co-ordinated with lamina thickness, water storage capacitance, 1/mesophyll water transfer resistance, and, in five of the six species, with lamina perimeter/area. However, for the six species, Klamina was independent of inter-related leaf traits including leaf dry mass per area, density, modulus of elasticity, osmotic potential, and cuticular conductance. Klamina was thus co-ordinated with structural and functional traits relating to liquid-phase water transport and to maximum rates of gas exchange, but independent of other traits relating to drought tolerance and to aspects of carbon economy.

@article{Sacketal_03, abstract = {{The hydraulic conductance of the leaf lamina (Klamina) substantially constrains whole-plant water transport, but little is known of its association with leaf structure and function. Klamina was measured for sun and shade leaves of six woody temperate species growing in moist soil, and tested for correlation with the prevailing leaf irradiance, and with 22 other leaf traits. K lamina varied from 7.40 10- 5 kg m- 2 s- 1 MPa-1 for Acer saccharum shade leaves to 2.89 10-4 kg m-2 s-1 MPa-1 for Vitis labrusca sun leaves. Tree sun leaves had 15?67\% higher K lamina than shade leaves. K lamina was co-ordinated with traits associated with high water flux, including leaf irradiance, petiole hydraulic conductance, guard cell length, and stomatal pore area per lamina area. K lamina was also co-ordinated with lamina thickness, water storage capacitance, 1/mesophyll water transfer resistance, and, in five of the six species, with lamina perimeter/area. However, for the six species, Klamina was independent of inter-related leaf traits including leaf dry mass per area, density, modulus of elasticity, osmotic potential, and cuticular conductance. Klamina was thus co-ordinated with structural and functional traits relating to liquid-phase water transport and to maximum rates of gas exchange, but independent of other traits relating to drought tolerance and to aspects of carbon economy.}}, added-at = {2019-03-31T01:14:40.000+0100}, author = {Sack, L. and Cowan, P. D. and Jaikumar, N. and Holbrook, N. M.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2ee33ae3b8f63eb172dcbae90a86de212/dianella}, citeulike-article-id = {1524003}, comment = {(private-note)It is the stomatal conductance and the boundary layer conductances that determine the transpiration rate, while the Kplant determines the leaf water potential at that transpiration rate Klamina = 4*Kplant (leaf resistance accounts for one quarter of whole plant resistance) Six species sampled: trees, vines. measured lamina volume (vacuum infiltrated leaf, then measured displaced volume in a measuring cylinder) , petiole length vs lamina area, Kpetiole, log lamina perimeter, stomatal density, guard cell length, stomatal pore index (stomatal density * guard cell length); pressure volume curve parameters: osmotic potential at full turgor, at turgor loss point, modulus of elasticity at full turgor, relative capacitance at full turgor(dRWC/dleaf water potential between full turgor and turgor loss point), leaf area specific capacitance, transfer resistance linking water stored in mesophyll cells with the vasculature (Rt), cuticular conductance Strange how many papers find narrower conduits in the shade. This one didn't measure that but it found shade leaves to have lower Kleaf. Sun leaves narrower and thicker, so that they had a similar volume to shade leaves. Sun leaves had higher perimeter/area. More negative osmotic potential at turgor loss point, max turgor, lower transfer resistance Traits are "structurally coordinated" if they share an anatomical base Traits are "functionally coordinated" if they are co-selected in a given environment; may be structurally independent (Givnish 1987) Klamina correlated negatively with Rt, a possible case of structural co-ordination, as the resistance between xylem and mesophyll cells may be a component of the same transpiration pathways through the leaf that are described by Klamina. Rt was in the median case 28\% of lamina hydraulic resistance, and indeed, recent experiments have shown extra-vascular resistance to be approximately -30\% of leaf hydraulic resistance (unpubl. data for A. saccharum and Q. rubra), Thicker leaves are likely to have more internal mesophyll surface area per lamina area (Turrell 1936, 1944; Jackson 1967; Nobel, Zaragoza \& Smith 1975; Chabot \& Chabot 1977; James, Smith \& Vogelmann 1999; but see Slaton, Hunt \& Smith 2001) as well as higher nitrogen content and more photosynthetic machinery per area (Grubb 1984; Field \& Mooney 1986; Koike 1988; Niinemets 1999; Shipley \& Lechowicz 2000), A high Cft* and low Rt may contribute to the ability of the leaf to endure fluctuating root supply and transpirational demand, minimizing transient fluctuations in mesophyll water potential. Klamina in this study was measured for plants in moist soil, and it is possible that during drought Klamina may decline due to xylem cavitation (Kikuta et al. 1997; Nardini et al. 2001; Salleo et al. 2001), Across leaf types, an independence of leaf traits associated with water flux and those associated with drought tolerance would explain why, in well-watered conditions, drought-tolerant species can have gmax (and, indeed, maximum relative growth rates) similar to or higher than those of species confined to moist areas (Maximov 1931; Fernandez \& Reynolds 2000; Sack 2000; Wright et al. 2001).}, interhash = {037fef05e3fbd0cd630de6afaf7a8c50}, intrahash = {ee33ae3b8f63eb172dcbae90a86de212}, journal = {Plant, Cell and Environment}, keywords = {bibtex-import, citeulikeExport gas\_exchange, hydraulics, kleaf, techniques}, pages = {1343--1356}, posted-at = {2007-07-31 07:02:15}, priority = {2}, timestamp = {2019-03-31T01:16:26.000+0100}, title = {{The 'hydrology' of leaves: co-ordination of structure and function in temperate woody species}}, volume = 26, year = 2003 }