Abstract
In the paper we propose a fundamental shift from the
present manufacturing concepts and problem solving
approaches towards new manufacturing paradigms
involving phenomena such as emergence, intelligence,
non-determinism, complexity, self-organisation,
bottom-up organization, and coexistence with the
ecosystem. In the first part of the paper we study the
characteristics of the past and the present
manufacturing concepts and the problems they caused.
According to the analogy with the terms in cognitive
psychology four types of problems occurring in complex
manufacturing systems are identified. Then,
appropriateness of various intelligent systems for
solving of these four types of problems is analysed. In
the second part of the paper, we study two completely
different problems. These two problems are (1)
identification of system in metal forming industry and
(2) autonomous robot system in manufacturing
environment. A genetic-based approach that imitates
integration of living cells into tissues, organs, and
organisms is used. The paper clearly shows how the
state of the stable global order (i.e., the
intelligence) of the overall system gradually emerges
as a result of low-level interactions between entities
of which the system consists and the environment.
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