Аннотация
Cardiac myocyte intracellular calcium varies beat-to-beat and calmodulin
(CaM) transduces Ca2+ signals to regulate many cellular processes
(e.g. via CaM targets such as CaM-dependent kinase and calcineurin).
However, little is known about the dynamics of how CaM targets process
the Ca2+ signals to generate appropriate biological responses in
the heart. We hypothesized that the different affinities of CaM targets
for the Ca2+-bound CaM (Ca2+-CaM) shape their actions through dynamic
and tonic interactions in response to the repetitive Ca2+ signals
in myocytes. To test our hypothesis, we used two fluorescence resonance
energy transfer-based biosensors, BsCaM-45 (Kd = approximately 45
nm) and BsCaM-2 (Kd = approximately 2 nm), to monitor the real time
Ca2+-CaM dynamics at low and high affinity CaM targets in paced adult
ventricular myocytes. Compared with BsCaM-2, BsCaM-45 tracks the
beat-to-beat Ca2+-CaM alterations more closely following the Ca2+
oscillations at each myocyte contraction. When pacing frequency is
raised from 0.1 to 1.0 Hz, the higher affinity BsCaM-2 demonstrates
significant elevation of diastolic Ca2+-CaM binding compared with
the lower affinity BsCaM-45. Biochemically detailed computational
models of Ca2+-CaM biosensors in beating cardiac myocytes revealed
that the different Ca2+-CaM binding affinities of BsCaM-2 and BsCaM-45
are sufficient to predict their differing kinetics and diastolic
integration. Thus, data from both experiments and computational modeling
suggest that CaM targets with low versus high Ca2+-CaM affinities
(like CaM-dependent kinase versus calcineurin) respond differentially
to the same Ca2+ signal (phasic versus integrating), presumably tuned
appropriately for their respective and distinct Ca2+ signaling pathways.
Пользователи данного ресурса
Пожалуйста,
войдите в систему, чтобы принять участие в дискуссии (добавить собственные рецензию, или комментарий)