%0 Journal Article %1 Emmons2000 %A Emmons, L. K. %A Hauglustaine, D. A. %A Muller, J. F. %A Carroll, M. A. %A Brasseur, G. P. %A Brunner, D. %A Staehelin, J. %A Thouret, V. %A Marenco, A. %D 2000 %I Amer Geophysical Union %J Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres %K ARCTICSTRATOSPHERICEXPEDITION;SCIENTIFICAIRCRAFTMEASUREMENTS;PHOTOCHEMISTRYEXPERIMENT2;NITRIC-OXIDEMEASUREMENTS;CHEMICAL-TRANSPORTMODEL;LARGE-SCALEDISTRIBUTION;TROPICALSOUTH-ATLANTIC;EXPERIMENTJUNE1984;TROPOZ-IIEXPERIMENT;AMAZONBASIN %N D16 %P 20497--20538 %T Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors %U http://www.agu.org/journals/jd/v105/iD16/2000JD900232/ %V 105 %X Tropospheric data from a number of aircraft campaigns have been gridded onto global maps, forming "data composites" of chemical species important in ozone photochemistry. Although these are not climatologies in the sense of a long temporal average, these data summaries are useful for providing a picture of the global distributions of these species and are a start to creating observations-based climatologies. Using aircraft measurements from a number of campaigns, we have averaged observations of O-3, CO, NO, NOx, HNO3, PAN, H2O2, CH3OOH, HCHO, CH3COCH3, C2H6, and C3H8 onto a 5 degrees latitude by 5 degrees longitude horizontal grid with a 1-km vertical resolution. These maps provide information about the distributions at various altitudes, but also clearly show that direct observations of the global troposphere are still very limited. A set of regions with 10 degrees-20 degrees horizontal extent has also been chosen wherein there is sufficient data to study vertical profiles, These profiles are particularly valuable for comparison with model results, especially when a full suite of chemical species can be compared simultaneously. The O-3 and NO climatologies generated from measurements obtained during commercial aircraft flights associated with the MOZAIC and NOXAR programs are incorporated with the data composites at 10-11 km. As an example of the utility of these data composites, observations are compared to results from two global chemical transport models, MOZART and IMAGES, to help identify incorrect emission sources, incorrect strength of convection, and missing chemistry in the models. These comparisons suggest that in MOZART the NO, biomass burning emissions may be too low and convection too weak and that the transport of ozone from the stratosphere in IMAGES is too great. The ozone profiles from the data composites are compared with ozonesonde climatologies and show that in some cases the aircraft data agree with the long-term averages, but in others, such as in the western Pacific during PEM-Tropics-A, agreement is lacking. Finally, the data composites provide temporal and spatial information, which can help identify the locations and seasons where new measurements would be most valuable. All of the data composites presented here are available via the Internet (http://aoss.engin.umich.edu/SASSarchive/).

@article{Emmons2000, abstract = {Tropospheric data from a number of aircraft campaigns have been gridded onto global maps, forming "data composites" of chemical species important in ozone photochemistry. Although these are not climatologies in the sense of a long temporal average, these data summaries are useful for providing a picture of the global distributions of these species and are a start to creating observations-based climatologies. Using aircraft measurements from a number of campaigns, we have averaged observations of O-3, CO, NO, NOx, HNO3, PAN, H2O2, CH3OOH, HCHO, CH3COCH3, C2H6, and C3H8 onto a 5 degrees latitude by 5 degrees longitude horizontal grid with a 1-km vertical resolution. These maps provide information about the distributions at various altitudes, but also clearly show that direct observations of the global troposphere are still very limited. A set of regions with 10 degrees-20 degrees horizontal extent has also been chosen wherein there is sufficient data to study vertical profiles, These profiles are particularly valuable for comparison with model results, especially when a full suite of chemical species can be compared simultaneously. The O-3 and NO climatologies generated from measurements obtained during commercial aircraft flights associated with the MOZAIC and NOXAR programs are incorporated with the data composites at 10-11 km. As an example of the utility of these data composites, observations are compared to results from two global chemical transport models, MOZART and IMAGES, to help identify incorrect emission sources, incorrect strength of convection, and missing chemistry in the models. These comparisons suggest that in MOZART the NO, biomass burning emissions may be too low and convection too weak and that the transport of ozone from the stratosphere in IMAGES is too great. The ozone profiles from the data composites are compared with ozonesonde climatologies and show that in some cases the aircraft data agree with the long-term averages, but in others, such as in the western Pacific during PEM-Tropics-A, agreement is lacking. Finally, the data composites provide temporal and spatial information, which can help identify the locations and seasons where new measurements would be most valuable. All of the data composites presented here are available via the Internet (http://aoss.engin.umich.edu/SASSarchive/).}, added-at = {2009-06-08T21:15:56.000+0200}, author = {Emmons, L. K. and Hauglustaine, D. A. and Muller, J. F. and Carroll, M. A. and Brasseur, G. P. and Brunner, D. and Staehelin, J. and Thouret, V. and Marenco, A.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/266e7b8390842dbcfd83386de042494a6/claas}, c1 = {Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.EOLEOLUniv Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris 05, France.EOLEOLInst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.EOLEOLUniv Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.EOLEOLUniv Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.EOLEOLMax Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.EOLEOLETH Honggerberg HPP, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher Sci, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.EOLEOLCNRS, UMR, UPS 5560, Lab Aerol,OMP, F-31400 Toulouse, France.}, citedreferences = {*JAP MET AG, 1995, ANT MET DAT OBT JAP, V6 ; ANDERSON BE, 1993, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V20, P2539 ; ANDERSON BE, 1993, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V98, P23477 ; ANDERSON BE, 1993, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V98, P23491 ; ANDERSON BE, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P1781 ; ANDERSON JG, 1993, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V20, P2499 ; ARLANDER DW, 1995, J ATMOS CHEM, V22, P251 ; ATLAS EL, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P14531 ; BACHMEIER AS, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P1655 ; BACHMEIER AS, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P23881 ; BATES TS, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P16297 ; BECK SM, 1987, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V92, P1977 ; BENKOVITZ CM, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P29239 ; BERNTSEN TK, 1999, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P2171 ; BLAKE DR, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES, V97, P16559 ; BLAKE DR, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P1699 ; BOISSARD C, 1996, J ATMOS CHEM, V25, P115 ; BRADSHAW J, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P19129 ; BRADSHAW J, 1999, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P471 ; BRADSHAW J, 2000, REV GEOPHYS, V38, P61 ; BRASSEUR GP, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P28265 ; BRENNINKMEIJER CAM, 1999, J ATMOS OCEAN TECH, V16, P1373 ; BROWELL EV, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES, V97, P16433 ; BROWELL EV, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P1739 ; BRUNNER D, 1998, SCIENCE, V282, P1305 ; CAMPOS TL, 1998, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V25, P1713 ; COSTEN RC, 1988, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V93, P15941 ; CRAWFORD J, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P2053 ; CRAWFORD J, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P28469 ; CROSLEY DR, 1994, 94035 MP SRI INT ; CROSLEY DR, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P2049 ; CRUTZEN PJ, 1999, TELLUS A, V51, P123 ; DAVIS DD, 1993, J GEOPHYS RES, V98, P23501 ; DIASLALCACA P, 1998, ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL, V32, P3228 ; DRUMMOND JW, 1988, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V93, P15831 ; EHHALT DH, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V97, P3725 ; EMMONS LK, 1997, ATMOS ENVIRON, V31, P1851 ; EMMONS LK, 1998, EOS T AGU, V79, F111 ; FEHSENFELD FC, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P3343 ; FISHMAN J, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P23865 ; FISHMAN J, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P19275 ; FUELBERG HE, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P5585 ; GERBIG C, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P29229 ; GOUGET H, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P25979 ; GRANIER C, 1996, BIOMASS BURNING GLOB, P140 ; GREENBERG JP, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P14581 ; GREGORY GL, 1988, J GEOPHYS RES, V93, P1452 ; GREGORY GL, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES, V95, P16903 ; GREGORY GL, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V95, P10077 ; GREGORY GL, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V95, P10089 ; GREGORY GL, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V95, P10103 ; GREGORY GL, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V95, P10129 ; GREGORY GL, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES, V97, P16451 ; GREGORY GL, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P23957 ; GUENTHER A, 1995, J GEOPHYS RES, V100, P8873 ; HACK JJ, 1993, NCARTN382STR ; HACK JJ, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P5551 ; HARRISS RC, 1988, J GEOPHYS RES, V93, P1351 ; HARRISS RC, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES, V95, P16721 ; HARRISS RC, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V95, P16927 ; HARRISS RC, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES, V97, P16383 ; HARRISS RC, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES, V97, P16589 ; HARRISS RC, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P1635 ; HARRISS RC, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P1659 ; HAUGLUSTAINE DA, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P28291 ; HAUGLUSTAINE DA, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P30275 ; HEIKES B, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P24221 ; HOELL JM, 1987, J GEOPHYS RES, V92, P2009 ; HOELL JM, 1987, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V92, P1995 ; HOELL JM, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V95, P10047 ; HOELL JM, 1993, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V98, P23291 ; HOELL JM, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P1641 ; HOELL JM, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P28223 ; HOELL JM, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P5567 ; HOLTSLAG AAM, 1993, J CLIMATE, V6, P1825 ; HUDSON RD, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P22129 ; JACOB DJ, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P24235 ; JACOB DJ, 1999, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P2175 ; JAEGLE L, 1998, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V25, P1705 ; JONQUIERES I, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P19059 ; JONQUIERES I, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P19075 ; KOK GL, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P16731 ; KONDO Y, 1993, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V98, P20527 ; LAW KS, 2000, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V105, P1503 ; LEE M, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P13201 ; LOGAN JA, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P16115 ; MARENCO A, 1989, ATMOS ENVIRON, V23, P185 ; MARENCO A, 1989, ATMOS ENVIRON, V23, P201 ; MARENCO A, 1990, ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN, V24, P2823 ; MARENCO A, 1995, ATMOSPHERIC OZONE CL, P305 ; MARENCO A, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P25631 ; MATSUBARA K, 1991, P NIPR S POL MET GLA, V4, P1 ; MATSUI K, 1998, ENERGY J, V19, P93 ; MERRILL JT, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P28241 ; MULLER JF, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V97, P3787 ; MULLER JF, 1995, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V100, P16445 ; MULLER JF, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P1705 ; OSULLIVAN DW, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P5635 ; PENKETT SA, 1986, NATURE, V319, P655 ; PERROS PE, 1993, ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN, V27, P1695 ; PERROS PE, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V99, P8269 ; PHAM M, 1995, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V100, P26061 ; PICKERING KE, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P31203 ; PRICE C, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P5929 ; RIDLEY BA, 1987, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V92, P2025 ; RIDLEY BA, 1988, J GEOPHYS RES, V93, P15813 ; RIDLEY BA, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V95, P10179 ; RIDLEY BA, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P25519 ; RIDLEY BA, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P18935 ; ROHRER F, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P25429 ; RUGGABER A, 1994, J ATMOS CHEM, V18, P171 ; SACHSE GW, 1988, J GEOPHYS RES, V93, P1422 ; SANDHOLM S, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P1837 ; SANDHOLM ST, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES, V97, P16481 ; SCHULTZ MG, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P5829 ; SHIPHAM MC, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES, V97, P16395 ; SHIPHAM MC, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P1645 ; SINGH HB, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V95, P10163 ; SINGH HB, 1990, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V95, P16945 ; SINGH HB, 1992, J GEOPHYS RES, V97, P16511 ; SINGH HB, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P1805 ; SINGH HB, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V99, P1821 ; SINGH HB, 1995, NATURE, V378, P50 ; SINGH HB, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P28237 ; SMYTH SB, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P24165 ; STAFFELBACH TA, 1996, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V101, P14729 ; TALBOT RW, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES, V99, P1863 ; THAKUR AN, 1999, ATMOS ENVIRON, V33, P1403 ; THOURET V, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P25653 ; TOON OB, 1998, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V25, P1109 ; TORRES AL, 1988, J GEOPHYS RES, V93, P1396 ; TURCO R, 1990, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V17, P313 ; WANG YH, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P10727 ; WEINHEIMER AJ, 1993, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V20, P2563 ; WENNBERG PO, 1998, SCIENCE, V279, P49 ; WILLIAMSON DL, 1994, TELLUS A, V46, P34 ; WOFSY SC, 1994, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V21, P2535 ; YIENGER JJ, 1995, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V100, P11447 ; YIENGER JJ, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P3655 ; ZIEMKE JR, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V103, P22115}, file = {Emmons2000.pdf:Emmons2000.pdf:PDF}, ga = {350NH}, interhash = {2078f4df126fa74f1e3eb277b6f1fefc}, intrahash = {66e7b8390842dbcfd83386de042494a6}, j9 = {J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS}, ji = {J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres}, keywords = {ARCTICSTRATOSPHERICEXPEDITION;SCIENTIFICAIRCRAFTMEASUREMENTS;PHOTOCHEMISTRYEXPERIMENT2;NITRIC-OXIDEMEASUREMENTS;CHEMICAL-TRANSPORTMODEL;LARGE-SCALEDISTRIBUTION;TROPICALSOUTH-ATLANTIC;EXPERIMENTJUNE1984;TROPOZ-IIEXPERIMENT;AMAZONBASIN}, la = {English}, month = {#aug#}, nr = {140}, number = {D16}, pa = {2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA}, pages = {20497--20538}, pg = {42}, pi = {WASHINGTON}, publisher = {Amer Geophysical Union}, rp = {Emmons, LK, Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, POB 3000,EOLEOLBoulder, CO 80307 USA.}, sc = {Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences}, sn = {0747-7309}, tc = {66}, timestamp = {2009-06-08T21:15:56.000+0200}, title = {Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors}, url = {http://www.agu.org/journals/jd/v105/iD16/2000JD900232/}, ut = {ISI:000089107600005}, volume = 105, year = 2000 }