%0 Journal Article %1 citeulike:1369559 %A Sawyer, Keith R. %D 2003 %J Sociological Methods Research %K abm, social\_simulation %N 3 %P 325--363 %R 10.1177/0049124102239079 %T Artificial Societies: Multiagent Systems and the Micro-Macro Link in Sociological Theory %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124102239079 %V 31 %X This article introduces a general sociological readership to multiagent systems (MAS), a new computer simulation technology that has increasingly been used to describe and explain sociological phenomena. The author uses the term artificial societies to refer to social simulations using MAS and he describes MAS technology and contrasts it with other social simulation technologies. The author argues that MAS have attained a level of maturity where they can be useful tools for sociologists, and he shows how MAS provide new perspectives on contemporary discussions of the micro-macro link in sociological theory by focusing on three aspects of the micro-macro link: micro-to-macro emergence, macro-to-micro social causation, and the dialectic between emergence and social causation. 10.1177/0049124102239079

@article{citeulike:1369559, abstract = {This article introduces a general sociological readership to multiagent systems (MAS), a new computer simulation technology that has increasingly been used to describe and explain sociological phenomena. The author uses the term artificial societies to refer to social simulations using MAS and he describes MAS technology and contrasts it with other social simulation technologies. The author argues that MAS have attained a level of maturity where they can be useful tools for sociologists, and he shows how MAS provide new perspectives on contemporary discussions of the micro-macro link in sociological theory by focusing on three aspects of the micro-macro link: micro-to-macro emergence, macro-to-micro social causation, and the dialectic between emergence and social causation. 10.1177/0049124102239079}, added-at = {2009-05-16T04:48:03.000+0200}, author = {Sawyer, Keith R.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2eb02d7ea2e32059e51ef10d99d1ee333/skosta}, citeulike-article-id = {1369559}, comment = {Pontos Fortes Levanta a quest\~{a}o de explicitar as intera\c{c}\~{o}es micro-macro, macro-micro e feedbacks entre ambas. Cita\c{c}\~{o}es Artificial societies represent a pure form of methodo- logical individualism; they provide explanations of social phenomena in terms of individuals and their interactions. Artificial societies are methodologically individualist when they contain only explicit representations of individual agents and of their interactions, and the macro behavior that emerges is said to be explained by the simulation (cf. Conte et al. 2001). For example, there is no explicit mechanism by which Nowak and Latanes emergent clusters cause agents to do anything; agents do not perceive the clusters and are affected only by their local neighbors. Axtell (2000) conducted a simulation experiment in which he kept every feature of the simulation constant, except for the network of connections among agents. The purpose of the simulation was to reproduce an observed macroeconomic pattern in retirement age Conceitos, afirma\c{c}oes e defini\c{c}oes In an artificial society, the model is a multiagent system: a set of autonomous agents that operate in parallel and that communicatewith each other. Focusing on three aspects of the micro-macro link: * micro-to-macro emergence, * macro-to-micro social causation, and * the dialectic between emergence and social causation Passos para o desenvolvimento de MAS 1. modeling individual agents and their interactions 2. the simulation is then run 3. macro patterns and processes emerge as the agents interact with one another. 4. these emergent macro patterns are then compared to the empirically observed patterns of the society Thus, artificial societies are micro simulations, simulations based on the properties of lower level units such as individuals, in contrast to macro simulations of the system dynamics variety, which attempts to directly model emergent macro phenomena. The MAS community is loosely divided between those who focus: * Cognitive agents have explicit goals, and they are capable of reasoning about how to achieve their goals; thus, they are also known as intentional or deliberative agents. * reactive agents do not contain any internal representation of the world—neither the environment nor the other agents. They do not have explicit goals, and they do notreason about goals and plans. Instead, reactive agents are driven by simple condition-action rules, in which the conditions are certain features of the local environment of the agent MAS, by drawing on cognitive science, allow the representation of actors that use a wide range of decision strategies, both rational and nonrational. For example, MAS allow consideration of the internal representations of agents and their processes of plan construction and implementation, thus avoiding the behaviorist tinge ofmost rational choice theory. O artigo levanta tambem algumas questoes sobre normas, grupos, que podem ser usadas quando se for falar em colabora\c{c}\~{a}o.}, description = {CiteULike: My library [124 articles]}, doi = {10.1177/0049124102239079}, interhash = {3155a7ccb5b0b10d4d9c1870f9e6df20}, intrahash = {eb02d7ea2e32059e51ef10d99d1ee333}, journal = {Sociological Methods Research}, keywords = {abm, social\_simulation}, month = {February}, number = 3, pages = {325--363}, posted-at = {2009-04-06 21:05:30}, priority = {2}, timestamp = {2009-05-16T04:48:04.000+0200}, title = {Artificial Societies: Multiagent Systems and the Micro-Macro Link in Sociological Theory}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124102239079}, volume = 31, year = 2003 }