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Astraeus III: The environment and physical properties of reionization sources

, , , , and .
(2020)cite arxiv:2008.13215Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome.

Abstract

In this work, we use the ASTRAEUS (semi-numerical rAdiative tranSfer coupling of galaxy formaTion and Reionization in N-body dArk mattEr simUlationS) framework which couples galaxy formation and reionization in the first billion years. Exploring a number of models for reionization feedback and the escape fraction of ionizing radiation from the galactic environment ($f_esc$), we quantify how the contribution of star-forming galaxies to reionization depends on the radiative feedback model, $f_esc$, and the environmental over-density. Our key findings are: (i) for constant $f_esc$ models, intermediate-mass galaxies (with halo masses of $M_h\simeq10^9-11$M$_ødot$ and absolute UV magnitudes of $M_UV -15$ to $-20$) in intermediate-density regions drive reionization; (iii) scenarios where $f_esc$ increases with decreasing halo mass shift the galaxy population driving reionization to lower-mass galaxies ($M_h<10^9.5$M$_ødot$) with lower luminosities ($M_UV>-16$) and over-densities; (iii) reionization imprints its topology on the ionizing emissivity of low-mass galaxies ($M_h<10^9$M$_ødot$) through radiative feedback. Galaxies in over-dense regions (that are reionized earlier) experience a stronger suppression of star formation by radiative feedback and show lower ionizing emissivities; (iv) therefore, a change in $f_esc$ with galaxy properties has the largest impact on the sources of reionization and their detectability, with the radiative feedback strength and environmental over-density playing a sub-dominant role; (v) JWST-surveys (with a limiting magnitude of $M_UV = -16$) will be able to detect the galaxies providing $\sim60\%$ ($\sim20\%$) of reionization photons at $z=7$ for constant $f_esc$ models (scenarios where $f_esc$ increases with decreasing halo mass).

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