%0 Journal Article %1 Kıvrak:2017:J-Microsc-Ultrastruct:30023251 %A Kıvrak, E G %A Yurt, K K %A Kaplan, A A %A Alkan, I %A Altun, G %D 2017 %J J Microsc Ultrastruct %K Alzheimer's Alzheimer's_disease EMF MEL MS ROS SOD antioxidants autism blood_brain_barrier brain_injury catalase central_nervous_system epilepsy folate folic_acid free_radicals glutathione heavy_metals multiple_sclerosis oxidative_stress spinal_cord_injury superoxide_dismutase vitamin_B9 vitamin_E %N 4 %P 167-176 %R 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.07.003 %T Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6025786/?fbclid=IwAR2yl_XJ9hKP1J6pu1F6UH-nRawYQd_N8Cj_M3516SwKEfFJjhypAxOUX2w %V 5 %X Technological devices have become essential components of daily life. However, their deleterious effects on the body, particularly on the nervous system, are well known. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have various chemical effects, including causing deterioration in large molecules in cells and imbalance in ionic equilibrium. Despite being essential for life, oxygen molecules can lead to the generation of hazardous by-products, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), during biological reactions. These reactive oxygen species can damage cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. Antioxidant defense systems exist in order to keep free radical formation under control and to prevent their harmful effects on the biological system. Free radical formation can take place in various ways, including ultraviolet light, drugs, lipid oxidation, immunological reactions, radiation, stress, smoking, alcohol and biochemical redox reactions. Oxidative stress occurs if the antioxidant defense system is unable to prevent the harmful effects of free radicals. Several studies have reported that exposure to EMF results in oxidative stress in many tissues of the body. Exposure to EMF is known to increase free radical concentrations and traceability and can affect the radical couple recombination. The purpose of this review was to highlight the impact of oxidative stress on antioxidant systems. Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; RF, radiofrequency; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GSH, glutathione; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; HSP, heat shock protein; EMF/RFR, electromagnetic frequency and radiofrequency exposures; ELF-EMFs, exposure to extremely low frequency; MEL, melatonin; FA, folic acid; MDA, malondialdehyde.

@article{Kıvrak:2017:J-Microsc-Ultrastruct:30023251, abstract = {Technological devices have become essential components of daily life. However, their deleterious effects on the body, particularly on the nervous system, are well known. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have various chemical effects, including causing deterioration in large molecules in cells and imbalance in ionic equilibrium. Despite being essential for life, oxygen molecules can lead to the generation of hazardous by-products, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), during biological reactions. These reactive oxygen species can damage cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. Antioxidant defense systems exist in order to keep free radical formation under control and to prevent their harmful effects on the biological system. Free radical formation can take place in various ways, including ultraviolet light, drugs, lipid oxidation, immunological reactions, radiation, stress, smoking, alcohol and biochemical redox reactions. Oxidative stress occurs if the antioxidant defense system is unable to prevent the harmful effects of free radicals. Several studies have reported that exposure to EMF results in oxidative stress in many tissues of the body. Exposure to EMF is known to increase free radical concentrations and traceability and can affect the radical couple recombination. The purpose of this review was to highlight the impact of oxidative stress on antioxidant systems. Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; RF, radiofrequency; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GSH, glutathione; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; CAT, catalase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; HSP, heat shock protein; EMF/RFR, electromagnetic frequency and radiofrequency exposures; ELF-EMFs, exposure to extremely low frequency; MEL, melatonin; FA, folic acid; MDA, malondialdehyde.}, added-at = {2019-06-24T14:36:50.000+0200}, author = {Kıvrak, E G and Yurt, K K and Kaplan, A A and Alkan, I and Altun, G}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2ee98c63dbd33e29868ef119d71002aca/eirc}, description = {The results of the recent studies not only clearly demonstrate that EMF exposure triggers oxidative stress in various tissues, but also that it causes significant changes in levels of blood antioxidant markers. Fatigue, headache, decreased learning ability, and cognitive impairment are among the symptoms caused by EMF. The human body should therefore be protected against exposure to EMF because of the risks this can entail.}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmau.2017.07.003}, interhash = {71c9db88e5091fc43748cc7a5b9412e2}, intrahash = {ee98c63dbd33e29868ef119d71002aca}, journal = {J Microsc Ultrastruct}, keywords = {Alzheimer's Alzheimer's_disease EMF MEL MS ROS SOD antioxidants autism blood_brain_barrier brain_injury catalase central_nervous_system epilepsy folate folic_acid free_radicals glutathione heavy_metals multiple_sclerosis oxidative_stress spinal_cord_injury superoxide_dismutase vitamin_B9 vitamin_E}, month = {Oct-Dec}, number = 4, pages = {167-176}, pmid = {30023251}, timestamp = {2019-06-24T14:36:50.000+0200}, title = {Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6025786/?fbclid=IwAR2yl_XJ9hKP1J6pu1F6UH-nRawYQd_N8Cj_M3516SwKEfFJjhypAxOUX2w}, volume = 5, year = 2017 }