%0 Journal Article %1 Yeoman2010Comparative %A Yeoman, Carl J. %A Yildirim, Suleyman %A Thomas, Susan M. %A Durkin, A. Scott %A Torralba, Manolito %A Sutton, Granger %A Buhay, Christian J. %A Ding, Yan %A Dugan-Rocha, Shannon P. %A Muzny, Donna M. %A Qin, Xiang %A Gibbs, Richard A. %A Leigh, Steven R. %A Stumpf, Rebecca %A White, Bryan A. %A Highlander, Sarah K. %A Nelson, Karen E. %A Wilson, Brenda A. %D 2010 %I Public Library of Science %J PloS one %K comparative-analysis metabolism virulence %N 8 %P e12411+ %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0012411 %T Comparative Genomics of Gardnerella vaginalis Strains Reveals Substantial Differences in Metabolic and Virulence Potential. %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012411 %V 5 %X BACKGROUND: Gardnerella vaginalis is described as a common vaginal bacterial species whose presence correlates strongly with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Here we report the genome sequencing and comparative analyses of three strains of G. vaginalis. Strains 317 (ATCC 14019) and 594 (ATCC 14018) were isolated from the vaginal tracts of women with symptomatic BV, while Strain 409-05 was isolated from a healthy, asymptomatic individual with a Nugent score of 9. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Substantial genomic rearrangement and heterogeneity were observed that appeared to have resulted from both mobile elements and substantial lateral gene transfer. These genomic differences translated to differences in metabolic potential. All strains are equipped with significant virulence potential, including genes encoding the previously described vaginolysin, pili for cytoadhesion, EPS biosynthetic genes for biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance systems, We also observed systems promoting multi-drug and lantibiotic extrusion. All G. vaginalis strains possess a large number of genes that may enhance their ability to compete with and exclude other vaginal colonists. These include up to six toxin-antitoxin systems and up to nine additional antitoxins lacking cognate toxins, several of which are clustered within each genome. All strains encode bacteriocidal toxins, including two lysozyme-like toxins produced uniquely by strain 409-05. Interestingly, the BV isolates encode numerous proteins not found in strain 409-05 that likely increase their pathogenic potential. These include enzymes enabling mucin degradation, a trait previously described to strongly correlate with BV, although commonly attributed to non-G. vaginalis species. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our results indicate that all three strains are able to thrive in vaginal environments, and therein the BV isolates are capable of occupying a niche that is unique from 409-05. Each strain has significant virulence potential, although genomic and metabolic differences, such as the ability to degrade mucin, indicate that the detection of G. vaginalis in the vaginal tract provides only partial information on the physiological potential of the organism.

@article{Yeoman2010Comparative, abstract = {{BACKGROUND}: Gardnerella vaginalis is described as a common vaginal bacterial species whose presence correlates strongly with bacterial vaginosis ({BV}). Here we report the genome sequencing and comparative analyses of three strains of G. vaginalis. Strains 317 ({ATCC} 14019) and 594 ({ATCC} 14018) were isolated from the vaginal tracts of women with symptomatic {BV}, while Strain 409-05 was isolated from a healthy, asymptomatic individual with a Nugent score of 9. {PRINCIPAL} {FINDINGS}: Substantial genomic rearrangement and heterogeneity were observed that appeared to have resulted from both mobile elements and substantial lateral gene transfer. These genomic differences translated to differences in metabolic potential. All strains are equipped with significant virulence potential, including genes encoding the previously described vaginolysin, pili for cytoadhesion, {EPS} biosynthetic genes for biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance systems, We also observed systems promoting multi-drug and lantibiotic extrusion. All G. vaginalis strains possess a large number of genes that may enhance their ability to compete with and exclude other vaginal colonists. These include up to six toxin-antitoxin systems and up to nine additional antitoxins lacking cognate toxins, several of which are clustered within each genome. All strains encode bacteriocidal toxins, including two lysozyme-like toxins produced uniquely by strain 409-05. Interestingly, the {BV} isolates encode numerous proteins not found in strain 409-05 that likely increase their pathogenic potential. These include enzymes enabling mucin degradation, a trait previously described to strongly correlate with {BV}, although commonly attributed to {non-G}. vaginalis species. {CONCLUSIONS}: Collectively, our results indicate that all three strains are able to thrive in vaginal environments, and therein the {BV} isolates are capable of occupying a niche that is unique from 409-05. Each strain has significant virulence potential, although genomic and metabolic differences, such as the ability to degrade mucin, indicate that the detection of G. vaginalis in the vaginal tract provides only partial information on the physiological potential of the organism.}, added-at = {2018-12-02T16:09:07.000+0100}, author = {Yeoman, Carl J. and Yildirim, Suleyman and Thomas, Susan M. and Durkin, A. Scott and Torralba, Manolito and Sutton, Granger and Buhay, Christian J. and Ding, Yan and Dugan-Rocha, Shannon P. and Muzny, Donna M. and Qin, Xiang and Gibbs, Richard A. and Leigh, Steven R. and Stumpf, Rebecca and White, Bryan A. and Highlander, Sarah K. and Nelson, Karen E. and Wilson, Brenda A.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2215923b9102bb7f0a24333420c3a5e32/karthikraman}, citeulike-article-id = {7729174}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012411}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20865041}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=20865041}, day = 26, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0012411}, interhash = {9231e222dec49c68f3cc0940b0efab41}, intrahash = {215923b9102bb7f0a24333420c3a5e32}, issn = {1932-6203}, journal = {PloS one}, keywords = {comparative-analysis metabolism virulence}, month = aug, number = 8, pages = {e12411+}, pmid = {20865041}, posted-at = {2010-09-29 10:16:06}, priority = {2}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, timestamp = {2018-12-02T16:09:07.000+0100}, title = {Comparative Genomics of Gardnerella vaginalis Strains Reveals Substantial Differences in Metabolic and Virulence Potential.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012411}, volume = 5, year = 2010 }