Article,
GROUND POTENTIAL RISE AND RELATED PROBLEMS
(1978)
Abstract
This Paper deals with the problems of ground fault cu"ent flowing in the combination of ground electrodes
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such as station ground mats, ground wires and counterpoises, multigrounded neutrals, etc. This problem arises
when designing ground wires, substations ground mats, telephone or pilot wire systems for communications and
protection or distribution systems. The problems are analysed systematically starting from the lumped parameters
of a zero sequence diagram up to the distributed parameter affecting the performance at commercial frequencies
of counterpoises. Emphasis was given in the analyses to the use of ladder networks, because they lead to an easy
determination of lumped circuit parameters, fault current distribution in ground circuits and ground potential rise,
permitting a good insight into the nature of the physical phenomena. More sophisticated and precise methods of
calculations are presented for completeness. Also presented is the summary of theory and flow-chart for a
computer program used to distribute fault cu"ent between ground wire and counterpoises.
