Abstract
How can goals be represented in natural and artificial systems?
How can they be learned? How can they trigger actions? This
paper describes, analyses and compares two of the most influential
models
of goal-oriented behavior: the ideomotor principle (IMP), which was
introduced in the psychological literature, and the �test, operate,
test,
exit� model (TOTE) proposed in the field of cybernetic. This analysis
indicates that the IMP and the TOTE highlight complementary aspects
of goal-orientedness. In order to illustrate this point, the paper
reviews
three computational architectures that implement various aspects of
the
IMP and the TOTE, discusses their main peculiarities and limitations,
and suggests how some of their features can be translated into specific
mechanisms in order to implement them in artificial intelligent systems.
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