Article,
HIV and pneumococcal disease
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 20 (1): 11--5 (February 2007)PMID: 17197876.
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328012c5f1
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the burden of pneumococcal disease and advances in our understanding of the impact of HIV on this disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Although highly active antiretroviral therapy has reduced the burden of pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults, these infections remain far more common than in HIV uninfected adults. HIV-infected adults who smoke or have comorbidities are at particular risk. In the absence of highly active antiretroviral therapy, pneumococcal meningitis has emerged in Africa as a major disease burden with a high mortality among HIV-infected children and adults. Conjugate pneumococcal vaccine protects HIV-infected infants from pneumococcal pneumonia. In the United States, where conjugate vaccine is given to children, herd immunity has reduced the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-infected adults. SUMMARY: The pneumococcus remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected children and adults, both in developed and in developing countries.
Tags
- agents,
- conjugate
- cost
- humans,
- illness,
- infections,
- of
- pneumococcal
- pneumoniae,
- streptococcus
- vaccines,
- {anti-retroviral}
- {hiv}
