%0 Journal Article %1 pfenning_variability_2006 %A Pfenning, B. %A Poethke, H. J. %D 2006 %J Ecological Entomology %K Phenotypic history, life plasticity, polymorphism small-scale striders, variability, voltinism, water wing %N 2 %P 123--130 %R 10.1111/j.0307-6946.2006.00763.x %T Variability in the life history of the water strider Gerris lacustris (Heteroptera: Gerridae) across small spatial scales %U http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0307-6946.2006.00763.x/abstract %V 31 %X Abstract.  1. Variability in life-history traits of the common pond skater Gerris lacustris (L.) (Heteroptera: Gerridae) was investigated on a small geographical scale in Bavaria, Germany (≈ 49 °N). In an area of approximately 3.5 × 3.0 km, voltinism and wing length data of G. lacustris were recorded from 65 ponds located either in an open field or surrounded by forest. 2. Life history differed significantly between populations in the two habitat types. Gerris lacustris showed a bivoltine life-cycle in most of the field ponds with a high proportion of long-winged individuals in the diapause generation and a large increase of the short-winged morph in the midsummer generation. In contrast, almost all populations inhabiting forest ponds were univoltine. Only a few forest populations produced any second generation larvae. The long-winged morph dominated during the whole season in forest ponds. 3. The appearance of first-instar larvae was delayed by 3–4 weeks in forest ponds compared with field ponds. Presumably, low temperatures led to this reduction in the developmental rate of eggs and larvae. Consequently, ‘field larvae’ of the first generation developed under increasing daylight conditions (triggering direct reproduction and brachyptery) but ‘forest larvae’ developed under a shortening photoperiod (triggering diapause and macroptery). 4. Offspring raised from ‘forest parents’ in the laboratory showed the same variability in life history when reared in a cool (16.9 ± 2.4 °C) or warm (23.1 ± 1.8 °C) temperature regime. 5. Given the small spatial scale of the study, it is concluded that the variability in the life history of G. lacustris has a strong phenotypic component.

@article{pfenning_variability_2006, abstract = {Abstract.  1. Variability in life-history traits of the common pond skater Gerris lacustris (L.) (Heteroptera: Gerridae) was investigated on a small geographical scale in Bavaria, Germany (≈ 49 °N). In an area of approximately 3.5 × 3.0 km, voltinism and wing length data of G. lacustris were recorded from 65 ponds located either in an open field or surrounded by forest. 2. Life history differed significantly between populations in the two habitat types. Gerris lacustris showed a bivoltine life-cycle in most of the field ponds with a high proportion of long-winged individuals in the diapause generation and a large increase of the short-winged morph in the midsummer generation. In contrast, almost all populations inhabiting forest ponds were univoltine. Only a few forest populations produced any second generation larvae. The long-winged morph dominated during the whole season in forest ponds. 3. The appearance of first-instar larvae was delayed by 3–4 weeks in forest ponds compared with field ponds. Presumably, low temperatures led to this reduction in the developmental rate of eggs and larvae. Consequently, ‘field larvae’ of the first generation developed under increasing daylight conditions (triggering direct reproduction and brachyptery) but ‘forest larvae’ developed under a shortening photoperiod (triggering diapause and macroptery). 4. Offspring raised from ‘forest parents’ in the laboratory showed the same variability in life history when reared in a cool (16.9 ± 2.4 °C) or warm (23.1 ± 1.8 °C) temperature regime. 5. Given the small spatial scale of the study, it is concluded that the variability in the life history of G. lacustris has a strong phenotypic component.}, added-at = {2016-09-26T15:45:29.000+0200}, author = {Pfenning, B. and Poethke, H. J.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21db69dec41948c8697708ec21ae34169/teegroup}, doi = {10.1111/j.0307-6946.2006.00763.x}, file = {Full Text PDF:/media/thomas/USBArbeit/zotero/storage/BTIU3KPP/Pfenning and Poethke - 2006 - Variability in the life history of the water strid.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/media/thomas/USBArbeit/zotero/storage/HMJZSV8W/abstract.html:text/html}, interhash = {c8c41b691e961425eed12c049aaec62f}, intrahash = {1db69dec41948c8697708ec21ae34169}, issn = {1365-2311}, journal = {Ecological Entomology}, keywords = {Phenotypic history, life plasticity, polymorphism small-scale striders, variability, voltinism, water wing}, language = {en}, month = apr, number = 2, pages = {123--130}, shorttitle = {Variability in the life history of the water strider {Gerris} lacustris ({Heteroptera}}, timestamp = {2016-09-26T15:45:29.000+0200}, title = {Variability in the life history of the water strider {Gerris} lacustris ({Heteroptera}: {Gerridae}) across small spatial scales}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0307-6946.2006.00763.x/abstract}, urldate = {2016-09-26}, volume = 31, year = 2006 }