Abstract
The arrangements of particles and forces in granular materials and
particulate matter have a complex organization on multiple spatial scales that
range from local structures to mesoscale and system-wide ones. This multiscale
organization can affect how a material responds or reconfigures when exposed to
external perturbations or loading. The theoretical study of particle-level,
force-chain, domain, and bulk properties requires the development and
application of appropriate mathematical, statistical, physical, and
computational frameworks. Traditionally, granular materials have been
investigated using particulate or continuum models, each of which tends to be
implicitly agnostic to multiscale organization. Recently, tools from network
science have emerged as powerful approaches for probing and characterizing
heterogeneous architectures in complex systems, and a diverse set of methods
have yielded fascinating insights into granular materials. In this paper, we
review work on network-based approaches to studying granular materials (and
particulate matter more generally) and explore the potential of such frameworks
to provide a useful description of these materials and to enhance understanding
of the underlying physics. We also outline a few open questions and highlight
particularly promising future directions in the analysis and design of granular
materials and other particulate matter.
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