Observations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds by the student nitric oxide explorer
S. Bailey, A. Merkel, G. Thomas, and J. Carstens. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 110 (D13):
13(2005)Times Cited: 16
Cited References:
BARTH CA, 1983, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V10, P237
BARTH CA, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V108
CARBARY JF, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V104, P10089
CARBARY JF, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
CHU XZ, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
DEBRESTIAN DJ, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P1971
DELAND MT, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
ESPY PJ, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P1983
EVANS WFJ, 1995, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V22, P2793
GADSDEN M, 1990, J ATMOS TERR PHYS, V52, P247
HAURWITZ B, 1969, DEEP-SEA RES, V16, P85
HEDIN AE, 1991, J GEOPHYS RES, V96, P1159
HERVIG M, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P971
HINES CO, 1965, PHYS EARTHS UPPER AT
JENSEN EJ, 1988, J GEOPHYS RES, V93, P2461
JENSEN EJ, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V99, P3421
KEATON BF, 1996, TOPICS EMERGENCY MED, V18, P9
KIRKWOOD S, 2002, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V29
KIRKWOOD S, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
LESLIE RJ, 1885, NATURE, V33, P245
LUBKEN FJ, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P9135
MERKEL AW, 2001, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V106, P30283
MERKEL AW, 2002, THESIS U COLO BOULDE
MERKEL AW, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30
OLIVERO JJ, 1986, J ATMOS SCI, V43, P1263
RAPP M, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V107
REID GC, 1989, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V94, P14653
RUSCH DW, 1991, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V96, P12933
SHETTLE EP, 2002, MES CLOUDS C BR ASTR
SISKIND DE, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
SISKIND DE, 2004, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V67, P501
STEVENS MH, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P4449
STEVENS MH, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30
SUGIYAMA T, 1996, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V23, P653
THAYER JP, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
THOMAS GE, 1984, J ATMOS TERR PHYS, V46, P819
THOMAS GE, 1985, PLANET SPACE SCI, V33, P1209
THOMAS GE, 1989, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V94, P14673
THOMAS GE, 1991, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V96, P927
THOMAS GE, 1995, UPPER MESOSPHERE LOW, V87, P185
THOMAS GE, 2003, ADV SPACE RES, V32, P1737
TURCO RP, 1982, PLANET SPACE SCI, V30, P1147
VONCOSSART G, 1999, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P1513
VONZAHN U, 1998, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V25, P1289.
Abstract
Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) were observed by a limb-scanning ultraviolet spectrometer on the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE). Radiance profiles at 215 and 237 nm are analyzed to determine the presence of clouds. Once detected, the altitude and brightness of a cloud relative to the background atmosphere is determined. SNOE observations provide the frequency of occurrence of PMC as a function of location and time for the years 1998 through 2003. The observations show at high latitudes a general rise in frequency of occurrence beginning approximately 3 weeks before summer solstice in both hemispheres and lasting for approximately 1 week. These rises are followed by approximately 60 days of relatively high but variable occurrence frequencies. The declines in frequency of occurrence at the ends of the seasons are generally slower and more structured then the beginning of the seasons. One of the major results from the SNOE observations is that significantly more PMCs are observed in the Northern Hemisphere than in the south, leading us to conclude that the southern polar mesosphere must be on average less saturated than the northern polar mesosphere. The SNOE observations also suggest that the frequency of occurrence of PMCs is strongly modulated by local dynamical influences. The SNOE results are in general agreement with results from the Solar Mesosphere Explorer which observed PMC with similar instrumentation in the years 1981 through 1986.
%0 Journal Article
%1 BaileyPMC
%A Bailey, S. M.
%A Merkel, A. W.
%A Thomas, G. E.
%A Carstens, J. N.
%D 2005
%J Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres
%K ARCTIC CLOUDS DISTRIBUTIONS LEO LIDAR MESOSPHERE MIDDLE MODEL NOCTILUCENT PARTICLE-SIZE PLANETARY-WAVES SIZE SUMMER TEMPERATURE THERMOSPHERE
%N D13
%P 13
%T Observations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds by the student nitric oxide explorer
%V 110
%X Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) were observed by a limb-scanning ultraviolet spectrometer on the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE). Radiance profiles at 215 and 237 nm are analyzed to determine the presence of clouds. Once detected, the altitude and brightness of a cloud relative to the background atmosphere is determined. SNOE observations provide the frequency of occurrence of PMC as a function of location and time for the years 1998 through 2003. The observations show at high latitudes a general rise in frequency of occurrence beginning approximately 3 weeks before summer solstice in both hemispheres and lasting for approximately 1 week. These rises are followed by approximately 60 days of relatively high but variable occurrence frequencies. The declines in frequency of occurrence at the ends of the seasons are generally slower and more structured then the beginning of the seasons. One of the major results from the SNOE observations is that significantly more PMCs are observed in the Northern Hemisphere than in the south, leading us to conclude that the southern polar mesosphere must be on average less saturated than the northern polar mesosphere. The SNOE observations also suggest that the frequency of occurrence of PMCs is strongly modulated by local dynamical influences. The SNOE results are in general agreement with results from the Solar Mesosphere Explorer which observed PMC with similar instrumentation in the years 1981 through 1986.
@article{BaileyPMC,
abstract = {Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs) were observed by a limb-scanning ultraviolet spectrometer on the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE). Radiance profiles at 215 and 237 nm are analyzed to determine the presence of clouds. Once detected, the altitude and brightness of a cloud relative to the background atmosphere is determined. SNOE observations provide the frequency of occurrence of PMC as a function of location and time for the years 1998 through 2003. The observations show at high latitudes a general rise in frequency of occurrence beginning approximately 3 weeks before summer solstice in both hemispheres and lasting for approximately 1 week. These rises are followed by approximately 60 days of relatively high but variable occurrence frequencies. The declines in frequency of occurrence at the ends of the seasons are generally slower and more structured then the beginning of the seasons. One of the major results from the SNOE observations is that significantly more PMCs are observed in the Northern Hemisphere than in the south, leading us to conclude that the southern polar mesosphere must be on average less saturated than the northern polar mesosphere. The SNOE observations also suggest that the frequency of occurrence of PMCs is strongly modulated by local dynamical influences. The SNOE results are in general agreement with results from the Solar Mesosphere Explorer which observed PMC with similar instrumentation in the years 1981 through 1986.},
added-at = {2009-03-30T22:21:12.000+0200},
author = {Bailey, S. M. and Merkel, A. W. and Thomas, G. E. and Carstens, J. N.},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2143d462aa396246622acbb374d025519/bobsica},
description = {Leo's paper references II},
interhash = {6aee268eefb00fb0582b84e3b30fa4b7},
intrahash = {143d462aa396246622acbb374d025519},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
keywords = {ARCTIC CLOUDS DISTRIBUTIONS LEO LIDAR MESOSPHERE MIDDLE MODEL NOCTILUCENT PARTICLE-SIZE PLANETARY-WAVES SIZE SUMMER TEMPERATURE THERMOSPHERE},
note = {Times Cited: 16
Cited References:
BARTH CA, 1983, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V10, P237
BARTH CA, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V108
CARBARY JF, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V104, P10089
CARBARY JF, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
CHU XZ, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
DEBRESTIAN DJ, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P1971
DELAND MT, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
ESPY PJ, 1997, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V102, P1983
EVANS WFJ, 1995, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V22, P2793
GADSDEN M, 1990, J ATMOS TERR PHYS, V52, P247
HAURWITZ B, 1969, DEEP-SEA RES, V16, P85
HEDIN AE, 1991, J GEOPHYS RES, V96, P1159
HERVIG M, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P971
HINES CO, 1965, PHYS EARTHS UPPER AT
JENSEN EJ, 1988, J GEOPHYS RES, V93, P2461
JENSEN EJ, 1994, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V99, P3421
KEATON BF, 1996, TOPICS EMERGENCY MED, V18, P9
KIRKWOOD S, 2002, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V29
KIRKWOOD S, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
LESLIE RJ, 1885, NATURE, V33, P245
LUBKEN FJ, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V104, P9135
MERKEL AW, 2001, J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE, V106, P30283
MERKEL AW, 2002, THESIS U COLO BOULDE
MERKEL AW, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30
OLIVERO JJ, 1986, J ATMOS SCI, V43, P1263
RAPP M, 2002, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V107
REID GC, 1989, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V94, P14653
RUSCH DW, 1991, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V96, P12933
SHETTLE EP, 2002, MES CLOUDS C BR ASTR
SISKIND DE, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
SISKIND DE, 2004, J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY, V67, P501
STEVENS MH, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P4449
STEVENS MH, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30
SUGIYAMA T, 1996, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V23, P653
THAYER JP, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108
THOMAS GE, 1984, J ATMOS TERR PHYS, V46, P819
THOMAS GE, 1985, PLANET SPACE SCI, V33, P1209
THOMAS GE, 1989, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V94, P14673
THOMAS GE, 1991, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOSP, V96, P927
THOMAS GE, 1995, UPPER MESOSPHERE LOW, V87, P185
THOMAS GE, 2003, ADV SPACE RES, V32, P1737
TURCO RP, 1982, PLANET SPACE SCI, V30, P1147
VONCOSSART G, 1999, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V26, P1513
VONZAHN U, 1998, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V25, P1289},
number = {D13},
pages = 13,
timestamp = {2009-03-30T22:21:12.000+0200},
title = {Observations of Polar Mesospheric Clouds by the student nitric oxide explorer},
volume = 110,
year = 2005
}