The efficacy of local injection of botulinum toxin A in selected skeletal muscles to relieve muscle hypertonia and muscle contracture, and increase range of motion in children with cerebral palsy was studied in an open ABA (baseline-treatment-posttreatment phase) type of study. The first 6 months were the baseline phase, the day of injection the treatment phase, and the next 6 months the posttreatment phase. The patients acted as their own controls. Fifteen children with cerebral palsy (mean age: 6 years, 8 months) were included in the study. All had limb deformities associated with non-fixed joint contractures that had not responded to physical therapy. Clinical assessment of passive and active muscle tone was performed using a modified Ashworth scale. The range of motion to passive movement was measured with a manual goniometer. Botulinum toxin was injected directly into the muscle at several sites. The postinjection scores of muscle hypertonia were significantly lower (P < .01) and the range-of-motion values demonstrated a significant increase (P < .001). Functional improvement was measured by decreased scissoring on standing in all 6 children with adductor muscles injected; all 6 children with knee flexor muscles injected were able to straighten the knees. The 3 children with injected gastrocnemius muscles were able to achieve heel-strike while bare-footed. The study provides evidence that the intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A in selected skeletal muscles decreases muscle tone and contractures, and increases range of motion and motor function.
%0 Journal Article
%1 Calderon-Gonzalez1994
%A Calderon-Gonzalez, R.
%A Calderon-Sepulveda, R.
%A Rincon-Reyes, M.
%A Garcia-Ramirez, J.
%A Mino-Arango, E.
%D 1994
%J Pediatr Neurol
%K Botulinum Toxins; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Contracture; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Muscle Contraction; Hypertonia; Tonus; Range of Motion, Articular
%N 4
%P 284--288
%T Botulinum toxin A in management of cerebral palsy.
%V 10
%X The efficacy of local injection of botulinum toxin A in selected skeletal muscles to relieve muscle hypertonia and muscle contracture, and increase range of motion in children with cerebral palsy was studied in an open ABA (baseline-treatment-posttreatment phase) type of study. The first 6 months were the baseline phase, the day of injection the treatment phase, and the next 6 months the posttreatment phase. The patients acted as their own controls. Fifteen children with cerebral palsy (mean age: 6 years, 8 months) were included in the study. All had limb deformities associated with non-fixed joint contractures that had not responded to physical therapy. Clinical assessment of passive and active muscle tone was performed using a modified Ashworth scale. The range of motion to passive movement was measured with a manual goniometer. Botulinum toxin was injected directly into the muscle at several sites. The postinjection scores of muscle hypertonia were significantly lower (P < .01) and the range-of-motion values demonstrated a significant increase (P < .001). Functional improvement was measured by decreased scissoring on standing in all 6 children with adductor muscles injected; all 6 children with knee flexor muscles injected were able to straighten the knees. The 3 children with injected gastrocnemius muscles were able to achieve heel-strike while bare-footed. The study provides evidence that the intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A in selected skeletal muscles decreases muscle tone and contractures, and increases range of motion and motor function.
@article{Calderon-Gonzalez1994,
abstract = {The efficacy of local injection of botulinum toxin A in selected skeletal muscles to relieve muscle hypertonia and muscle contracture, and increase range of motion in children with cerebral palsy was studied in an open ABA (baseline-treatment-posttreatment phase) type of study. The first 6 months were the baseline phase, the day of injection the treatment phase, and the next 6 months the posttreatment phase. The patients acted as their own controls. Fifteen children with cerebral palsy (mean age: 6 years, 8 months) were included in the study. All had limb deformities associated with non-fixed joint contractures that had not responded to physical therapy. Clinical assessment of passive and active muscle tone was performed using a modified Ashworth scale. The range of motion to passive movement was measured with a manual goniometer. Botulinum toxin was injected directly into the muscle at several sites. The postinjection scores of muscle hypertonia were significantly lower (P < .01) and the range-of-motion values demonstrated a significant increase (P < .001). Functional improvement was measured by decreased scissoring on standing in all 6 children with adductor muscles injected; all 6 children with knee flexor muscles injected were able to straighten the knees. The 3 children with injected gastrocnemius muscles were able to achieve heel-strike while bare-footed. The study provides evidence that the intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A in selected skeletal muscles decreases muscle tone and contractures, and increases range of motion and motor function.},
added-at = {2014-07-19T19:13:21.000+0200},
author = {Calderon-Gonzalez, R. and Calderon-Sepulveda, R. and Rincon-Reyes, M. and Garcia-Ramirez, J. and Mino-Arango, E.},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/21c13da15332b3ff87c807f81f75cb5e8/ar0berts},
groups = {public},
interhash = {f5314b1d226ef7734a9aa6c6c1ec99bb},
intrahash = {1c13da15332b3ff87c807f81f75cb5e8},
journal = {Pediatr Neurol},
keywords = {Botulinum Toxins; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Contracture; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Muscle Contraction; Hypertonia; Tonus; Range of Motion, Articular},
month = Jun,
number = 4,
pages = {284--288},
pmid = {8068154},
timestamp = {2014-07-19T19:13:21.000+0200},
title = {Botulinum toxin A in management of cerebral palsy.},
username = {ar0berts},
volume = 10,
year = 1994
}