Abstract
The enzymes catalyzing lysine and arginine methylation of histones
are essential for maintaining transcriptional programs and determining
cell fate and identity. Until recently, histone methylation was regarded
irreversible. However, within the last few years, several families
of histone demethylases erasing methyl marks associated with gene
repression or activation have been identified, underscoring the plasticity
and dynamic nature of histone methylation. Recent discoveries have
revealed that histone demethylases take part in large multiprotein
complexes synergizing with histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases,
and nuclear receptors to control developmental and transcriptional
programs. Here we review the emerging biochemical and biological
functions of the histone demethylases and discuss their potential
involvement in human diseases, including cancer.
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