Evolution of genome–phenome diversity under environmental stress
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98 (11):
6233-6240 (2001)DOI: 10.1073/pnas.101109298
Аннотация
The genomic era revolutionized evolutionary biology. The enigma of
genotypic-phenotypic diversity and biodiversity evolution of genes,
genomes, phenomes, and biomes, reviewed here, was central in the
research program of the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa,
since 1975. We explored the following questions. (i) How
much of the genomic and phenomic diversity in nature is adaptive and
processed by natural selection? (ii) What is the origin
and evolution of adaptation and speciation processes under
spatiotemporal variables and stressful macrogeographic and
microgeographic environments? We advanced ecological genetics into
ecological genomics and analyzed globally ecological, demographic, and
life history variables in 1,200 diverse species across life, thousands
of populations, and tens of thousands of individuals tested mostly for
allozyme and partly for DNA diversity. Likewise, we tested thermal,
chemical, climatic, and biotic stresses in several model organisms.
Recently, we introduced genetic maps and quantitative trait loci to
elucidate the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation. The
genome–phenome holistic model was deciphered by the global regressive,
progressive, and convergent evolution of subterranean mammals. Our
results indicate abundant genotypic and phenotypic diversity in nature.
The organization and evolution of molecular and organismal diversity in
nature at global, regional, and local scales are nonrandom and
structured; display regularities across life; and are positively
correlated with, and partly predictable by, abiotic and biotic
environmental heterogeneity and stress. Biodiversity evolution, even in
small isolated populations, is primarily driven by natural selection,
including diversifying, balancing, cyclical, and purifying selective
regimes, interacting with, but ultimately overriding, the effects of
mutation, migration, and stochasticity.
Описание
Evolution of genome–phenome diversity under environmental stress