Gene Duplication to Enable Genetic Programming to
Concurrently Evolve Both the Architecture and
Work-Performing Steps of a Computer Program
IJCAI-95 Proceedings of the Fourteenth International
Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1, page 734--740. Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Morgan Kaufmann, (20-25 August 1995)Abstract
Susumu Ohno's provocative book Evolution by Gene
Duplication proposed that the creation of new proteins
in nature (and hence new structures and new behaviours
in living things) begins with a gene duplication and
that gene duplication is "the major force of
evolution." This paper describes six new
architecture-altering operations for genetic
programming that are patterned after the
naturally-occurring chromosomal operations of gene
duplication and gene deletion. When these new
operations are included in a run of genetic
programming, genetic programming can dynamically
change, during the run, the architecture of a
multi-part program consisting of a main program and a
set of hierarchically-called subprograms. These
on-the-fly architectural changes occur while genetic
programming is concurrently evolving the
work-performing steps of the main program and the
hierarchically-called subprograms. The new operations
can be interpreted as an automated way to change the
representation of a problem while solving the problem.
Equivalently, these operations can be viewed as an
automated way to decompose a problem into an
non-pre-specified number of subproblems of
non-pre-specified dimensionality; solve the
subproblems; and assemble the solutions of the
subproblems into a solution of the overall problem.
These operations can also be interpreted as providing
an automated way to specialise and generalise.
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