%0 Journal Article %1 Towers201650 %A Towers, S. %A Brauer, F. %A Castillo-Chavez, C. %A Falconar, A.K.I. %A Mubayi, A. %A Romero-Vivas, C.M.E. %D 2016 %I Elsevier B.V. %J Epidemics %K Article; Colombia; Zika adolescent; adult; aged; analysis; assessment; basic child; clinical epidemic; female; fever; human; infant; journal; major male; middle newborn; number; priority replication; reproduction risk sexual statistical study; transmission; virus %P 50-55 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2016.10.003 %T Estimate of the reproduction number of the 2015 Zika virus outbreak in Barranquilla, Colombia, and estimation of the relative role of sexual transmission %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2016.10.003 %V 17 %X Background In 2015, the Zika arbovirus (ZIKV) began circulating in the Americas, rapidly expanding its global geographic range in explosive outbreaks. Unusual among mosquito-borne diseases, ZIKV has been shown to also be sexually transmitted, although sustained autochthonous transmission due to sexual transmission alone has not been observed, indicating the reproduction number (R0) for sexual transmission alone is less than 1. Critical to the assessment of outbreak risk, estimation of the potential attack rates, and assessment of control measures, are estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0. Methods We estimated the R0 of the 2015 ZIKV outbreak in Barranquilla, Colombia, through an analysis of the exponential rise in clinically identified ZIKV cases (n = 359 to the end of November, 2015). Findings The rate of exponential rise in cases was ρ = 0.076 days−1, with 95% CI 0.066,0.087 days−1. We used a vector-borne disease model with additional direct transmission to estimate the R0; assuming the R0 of sexual transmission alone is less than 1, we estimated the total R0 = 3.8 2.4,5.6, and that the fraction of cases due to sexual transmission was 0.23 0.01,0.47 with 95% confidence. Interpretation This is among the first estimates of R0 for a ZIKV outbreak in the Americas, and also among the first quantifications of the relative impact of sexual transmission. Â\copyright 2016 The Authors

@article{Towers201650, abstract = {Background In 2015, the Zika arbovirus (ZIKV) began circulating in the Americas, rapidly expanding its global geographic range in explosive outbreaks. Unusual among mosquito-borne diseases, ZIKV has been shown to also be sexually transmitted, although sustained autochthonous transmission due to sexual transmission alone has not been observed, indicating the reproduction number (R0) for sexual transmission alone is less than 1. Critical to the assessment of outbreak risk, estimation of the potential attack rates, and assessment of control measures, are estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0. Methods We estimated the R0 of the 2015 ZIKV outbreak in Barranquilla, Colombia, through an analysis of the exponential rise in clinically identified ZIKV cases (n = 359 to the end of November, 2015). Findings The rate of exponential rise in cases was {\"I} = 0.076 days{\^a}ˆ’1, with 95% CI [0.066,0.087] days{\^a}ˆ’1. We used a vector-borne disease model with additional direct transmission to estimate the R0; assuming the R0 of sexual transmission alone is less than 1, we estimated the total R0 = 3.8 [2.4,5.6], and that the fraction of cases due to sexual transmission was 0.23 [0.01,0.47] with 95% confidence. Interpretation This is among the first estimates of R0 for a ZIKV outbreak in the Americas, and also among the first quantifications of the relative impact of sexual transmission. {\^A}{\copyright} 2016 The Authors}, added-at = {2017-11-10T22:48:29.000+0100}, affiliation = {Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia}, author = {Towers, S. and Brauer, F. and Castillo-Chavez, C. and Falconar, A.K.I. and Mubayi, A. and Romero-Vivas, C.M.E.}, author_keywords = {Arboviruses; Basic reproduction number; Mathematical model; Sexually transmitted infections; Zika virus}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2518160c15fa7e0216eed1bee0c369716/ccchavez}, correspondence_address1 = {Towers, S.; Arizona State UniversityUnited States; email: smtowers@asu.edu}, date-added = {2017-11-10 21:45:26 +0000}, date-modified = {2017-11-10 21:45:26 +0000}, document_type = {Article}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2016.10.003}, interhash = {28354cc947da5ec013d95e2d679432da}, intrahash = {518160c15fa7e0216eed1bee0c369716}, issn = {17554365}, journal = {Epidemics}, keywords = {Article; Colombia; Zika adolescent; adult; aged; analysis; assessment; basic child; clinical epidemic; female; fever; human; infant; journal; major male; middle newborn; number; priority replication; reproduction risk sexual statistical study; transmission; virus}, language = {English}, pages = {50-55}, publisher = {Elsevier B.V.}, timestamp = {2017-11-10T22:48:29.000+0100}, title = {Estimate of the reproduction number of the 2015 Zika virus outbreak in Barranquilla, Colombia, and estimation of the relative role of sexual transmission}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2016.10.003}, volume = 17, year = 2016 }