We investigated how human subjects adapt
to forces perturbing the motion of their arms. We found that
this kind of learning is based on the capacity of the central
nervous system (CNS) to predict and therefore to cancel
externally applied perturbing forces. Our experimental results
indicate: (i) that the ability of the CNS to compensate for
the perturbing forces is restricted to those spatial locations
where the perturbations have been experienced by the moving
arm. The subjects also are able to compensate for forces
experienced at neighboring workspace locations. However,
adaptation decays smoothly and quickly with distance from
the locations where disturbances had been sensed by the
moving limb. (ii) Our experiments also show that the CNS
builds an internal model of the external perturbing forces in
intrinsic (muscle and or joints) coordinates
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
pages
3843-3846
volume
93
timestamp
2006.08.09
owner
martin
comment
okay for expra
review
Subjects performed short reaching movements in a curl field (distance
= ?)
Movements in more remote directions from the trained once resulted
in reduced aftereffects.
B. S grasped the handle in two fashions 1) palm on the horizontal
plane, 2) fist with thumb up.
in 1) no ff was applied, in 2) a ff was applied.
Initial interference between both movement types goes down to zero.
-> Initially, there is interference, finally, Ss learn to distinguish
both situations.
Ss are not able to distinguish if non-movement relevant cues indicate
ff, like room lightning, thumb position.
%0 Journal Article
%1 Gandolfo1996
%A Gandolfo, F
%A Mussa-Ivaldi, F A
%A Bizzi, E
%D 1996
%J Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
%K adaptation arm coordinates generalization intrinsic learning of regularization trajectories
%P 3843-3846
%T Motor learning by field approximation
%V 93
%X We investigated how human subjects adapt
to forces perturbing the motion of their arms. We found that
this kind of learning is based on the capacity of the central
nervous system (CNS) to predict and therefore to cancel
externally applied perturbing forces. Our experimental results
indicate: (i) that the ability of the CNS to compensate for
the perturbing forces is restricted to those spatial locations
where the perturbations have been experienced by the moving
arm. The subjects also are able to compensate for forces
experienced at neighboring workspace locations. However,
adaptation decays smoothly and quickly with distance from
the locations where disturbances had been sensed by the
moving limb. (ii) Our experiments also show that the CNS
builds an internal model of the external perturbing forces in
intrinsic (muscle and or joints) coordinates
@article{Gandolfo1996,
abstract = {We investigated how human subjects adapt
to forces perturbing the motion of their arms. We found that
this kind of learning is based on the capacity of the central
nervous system (CNS) to predict and therefore to cancel
externally applied perturbing forces. Our experimental results
indicate: (i) that the ability of the CNS to compensate for
the perturbing forces is restricted to those spatial locations
where the perturbations have been experienced by the moving
arm. The subjects also are able to compensate for forces
experienced at neighboring workspace locations. However,
adaptation decays smoothly and quickly with distance from
the locations where disturbances had been sensed by the
moving limb. (ii) Our experiments also show that the CNS
builds an internal model of the external perturbing forces in
intrinsic (muscle and or joints) coordinates},
added-at = {2009-06-26T15:25:19.000+0200},
author = {Gandolfo, F and {Mussa-Ivaldi}, F A and Bizzi, E},
biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2b12b49f598a1d33c3f905a492cf8ecf1/butz},
comment = {okay for expra},
description = {diverse cognitive systems bib},
interhash = {4b6d554edaadc7d2d642f150676704fd},
intrahash = {b12b49f598a1d33c3f905a492cf8ecf1},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA},
keywords = {adaptation arm coordinates generalization intrinsic learning of regularization trajectories},
owner = {martin},
pages = { 3843-3846},
review = {Subjects performed short reaching movements in a curl field (distance
= ?)
Movements in more remote directions from the trained once resulted
in reduced aftereffects.
B. S grasped the handle in two fashions 1) palm on the horizontal
plane, 2) fist with thumb up.
in 1) no ff was applied, in 2) a ff was applied.
Initial interference between both movement types goes down to zero.
-> Initially, there is interference, finally, Ss learn to distinguish
both situations.
Ss are not able to distinguish if non-movement relevant cues indicate
ff, like room lightning, thumb position.},
timestamp = {2009-06-26T15:25:30.000+0200},
title = {Motor learning by field approximation},
volume = 93,
year = 1996
}