%0 Journal Article %1 azaria:2005:GPEM %A Azaria, Yaniv %A Sipper, Moshe %D 2005 %J Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines %K STGP, algorithms, backgammon, coevolution demes, genetic programming, self-learning, %N 3 %P 283--300 %R doi:10.1007/s10710-005-2990-0 %T GP-Gammon: Genetically Programming Backgammon Players %U http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~sipper/papabs/gpgammon.pdf %V 6 %X We apply genetic programming to the evolution of strategies for playing the game of backgammon. We explore two different strategies of learning: using a fixed external opponent as teacher, and letting the individuals play against each other. We conclude that the second approach is better and leads to excellent results: Pitted in a 1000-game tournament against a standard benchmark player Pubeval our best evolved program wins 62.4 percent of the games, the highest result to date. Moreover, several other evolved programs attain win percentages not far behind the champion, evidencing the repeatability of our approach.

@article{azaria:2005:GPEM, abstract = {We apply genetic programming to the evolution of strategies for playing the game of backgammon. We explore two different strategies of learning: using a fixed external opponent as teacher, and letting the individuals play against each other. We conclude that the second approach is better and leads to excellent results: Pitted in a 1000-game tournament against a standard benchmark player Pubeval our best evolved program wins 62.4 percent of the games, the highest result to date. Moreover, several other evolved programs attain win percentages not far behind the champion, evidencing the repeatability of our approach.}, added-at = {2008-06-19T17:35:00.000+0200}, author = {Azaria, Yaniv and Sipper, Moshe}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2c9847140f8ec9ab82ab41542318325cd/brazovayeye}, doi = {doi:10.1007/s10710-005-2990-0}, interhash = {6fa5d4b83b74fd39bc396c73a4683b57}, intrahash = {c9847140f8ec9ab82ab41542318325cd}, issn = {1389-2576}, journal = {Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines}, keywords = {STGP, algorithms, backgammon, coevolution demes, genetic programming, self-learning,}, month = {September}, note = {Published online: 12 August 2005}, notes = {ECJ}, number = 3, pages = {283--300}, timestamp = {2008-06-19T17:36:01.000+0200}, title = {{GP}-Gammon: Genetically Programming Backgammon Players}, url = {http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~sipper/papabs/gpgammon.pdf}, volume = 6, year = 2005 }