%0 Journal Article %1 Fierz2008 %A Fierz, Fabienne C %A Beckmann, Felix %A Huser, Marius %A Irsen, Stephan H %A Leukers, Barbara %A Witte, Frank %A Degistirici, Ozer %A Andronache, Adrian %A Thie, Michael %A Müller, Bert %D 2008 %J Biomaterials %K Biocompatible Biological; Bone Bones, Cells, Durapatite, Engineering, Humans; Materials Materials, Models, Porosity; Printing, Properties; Scaffolds Stem Surface Testing; Tissue and chemistry/metabolism; cytology/metabolism; cytology/physiology; methods; %N 28 %P 3799--3806 %R 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.012 %T The morphology of anisotropic 3D-printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds. %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.012 %V 29 %X Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with tailored pores ranging from the nanometer to millimeter scale can support the reconstruction of centimeter-sized osseous defects. Three-dimensional-printing processes permit the voxel-wise fabrication of scaffolds. The present study rests upon 3D-printing with nano-porous hydroxyapatite granulates. The cylindrical design refers to a hollow bone with higher density at the periphery. The millimeter-wide central channel follows the symmetry axis and connects the perpendicularly arranged micro-pores. Synchrotron radiation-based micro computed tomography has served for the non-destructive characterization of the scaffolds. The 3D data treatment is essential, since, for example, the two-dimensional distance maps overestimate the mean distances to the material by 33-50\% with respect to the 3D analysis. The scaffolds contain 70\% micrometer-wide pores that are interconnected. Using virtual spheres, which might be related to the cells migrating along the pores, the central channel remains accessible through the micro-pores for spheres with a diameter of up to (350+/-35)mum. Registering the tomograms with their 3D-printing matrices has yielded the almost isotropic shrinking of (27+/-2)\% owing to the sintering process. This registration also allows comparing the design and tomographic data in a quantitative manner to extract the quality of the fabricated scaffolds. Histological analysis of the scaffolds seeded with osteogenic-stimulated progenitor cells has confirmed the suitability of the 3D-printed scaffolds for potential clinical applications.

@article{Fierz2008, __markedentry = {[phpts:6]}, abstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with tailored pores ranging from the nanometer to millimeter scale can support the reconstruction of centimeter-sized osseous defects. Three-dimensional-printing processes permit the voxel-wise fabrication of scaffolds. The present study rests upon 3D-printing with nano-porous hydroxyapatite granulates. The cylindrical design refers to a hollow bone with higher density at the periphery. The millimeter-wide central channel follows the symmetry axis and connects the perpendicularly arranged micro-pores. Synchrotron radiation-based micro computed tomography has served for the non-destructive characterization of the scaffolds. The 3D data treatment is essential, since, for example, the two-dimensional distance maps overestimate the mean distances to the material by 33-50\% with respect to the 3D analysis. The scaffolds contain 70\% micrometer-wide pores that are interconnected. Using virtual spheres, which might be related to the cells migrating along the pores, the central channel remains accessible through the micro-pores for spheres with a diameter of up to (350+/-35)mum. Registering the tomograms with their 3D-printing matrices has yielded the almost isotropic shrinking of (27+/-2)\% owing to the sintering process. This registration also allows comparing the design and tomographic data in a quantitative manner to extract the quality of the fabricated scaffolds. Histological analysis of the scaffolds seeded with osteogenic-stimulated progenitor cells has confirmed the suitability of the 3D-printed scaffolds for potential clinical applications.}, added-at = {2011-11-04T13:47:04.000+0100}, author = {Fierz, Fabienne C and Beckmann, Felix and Huser, Marius and Irsen, Stephan H and Leukers, Barbara and Witte, Frank and Degistirici, Ozer and Andronache, Adrian and Thie, Michael and Müller, Bert}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2ed9549af27d877edcbb2147f582a9fcc/pawelsikorski}, doi = {10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.012}, institution = {Biomaterials Science Center, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.}, interhash = {2145118f58c634d2d3b37cf38963fcce}, intrahash = {ed9549af27d877edcbb2147f582a9fcc}, journal = {Biomaterials}, keywords = {Biocompatible Biological; Bone Bones, Cells, Durapatite, Engineering, Humans; Materials Materials, Models, Porosity; Printing, Properties; Scaffolds Stem Surface Testing; Tissue and chemistry/metabolism; cytology/metabolism; cytology/physiology; methods;}, language = {eng}, medline-pst = {ppublish}, month = Oct, number = 28, owner = {phpts}, pages = {3799--3806}, pii = {S0142-9612(08)00417-1}, pmid = {18606446}, timestamp = {2011-11-04T13:47:10.000+0100}, title = {The morphology of anisotropic 3D-printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.012}, volume = 29, year = 2008 }