%0 Book Section %1 Pabalan1990 %A Pabalan, Roberto T. %A Pitzer, Kenneth S. %B Chemical Modeling of Aqueous Systems II %D 1990 %K textbook aqueous electrolyte multi-component %P 44-57 %R 10.1021/bk-1990-0416.ch004 %T Models for Aqueous Electrolyte Mixtures for Systems Extending from Dilute Solutions to Fused Salts %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0416.ch004 %X Models based on general equations for the excess Gibbs energy of aqueous electrolyte mixtures provide a thermodynamically consistent basis for evaluating and predicting aqueous electrolyte properties. Upon appropriate differentiation, these equations yield expressions for osmotic and activity coefficients, excess enthalpies, heat capacities, and volumes. Thus, a wide array of experimental data are available from which model parameters and their temperature or pressure dependence can be evaluated. The most commonly used model for systems of moderate concentration is the ion-interaction approach developed by Pitzer (1) and coworkers. For more concentrated electrolyte solutions, including those extending to the fused salt, an alternate model based on a Margules expansion and commonly used for nonelectrolytes was proposed by Pitzer and Simonson (5). These two models are discussed and examples of parameter evaluations are given for some geologically relevant systems to high temperatures and pressures. Applications of the models to calculations of solubility equilibria are also shown for the systems NaCl-Na2SO4-NaOH-H2O and NaCl-KCl-H2O to temperatures up to 350°C. %& 5

@inbook{Pabalan1990, abstract = { Models based on general equations for the excess Gibbs energy of aqueous electrolyte mixtures provide a thermodynamically consistent basis for evaluating and predicting aqueous electrolyte properties. Upon appropriate differentiation, these equations yield expressions for osmotic and activity coefficients, excess enthalpies, heat capacities, and volumes. Thus, a wide array of experimental data are available from which model parameters and their temperature or pressure dependence can be evaluated. The most commonly used model for systems of moderate concentration is the ion-interaction approach developed by Pitzer (1) and coworkers. For more concentrated electrolyte solutions, including those extending to the fused salt, an alternate model based on a Margules expansion and commonly used for nonelectrolytes was proposed by Pitzer and Simonson (5). These two models are discussed and examples of parameter evaluations are given for some geologically relevant systems to high temperatures and pressures. Applications of the models to calculations of solubility equilibria are also shown for the systems NaCl-Na2SO4-NaOH-H2O and NaCl-KCl-H2O to temperatures up to 350°C. }, added-at = {2011-01-19T18:07:08.000+0100}, author = {Pabalan, Roberto T. and Pitzer, Kenneth S.}, biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/255c64766c535dd52c073817e9a3fc420/thorade}, booktitle = {Chemical Modeling of Aqueous Systems II}, chapter = 5, description = {Models for Aqueous Electrolyte Mixtures for Systems Extending from Dilute Solutions to Fused Salts - Chemical Modeling of Aqueous Systems II - ACS Symposium Series (ACS Publications)}, doi = {10.1021/bk-1990-0416.ch004}, eprint = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/bk-1990-0416.ch004}, interhash = {4abe234a72f3810b681a4a0abc347468}, intrahash = {55c64766c535dd52c073817e9a3fc420}, keywords = {textbook aqueous electrolyte multi-component}, pages = {44-57}, timestamp = {2012-03-15T16:14:08.000+0100}, title = {Models for Aqueous Electrolyte Mixtures for Systems Extending from Dilute Solutions to Fused Salts}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0416.ch004}, year = 1990 }