Article,

Effects of intercalation and inhomogeneous filling on the collapse pressure of double-wall carbon nanotubes

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PHYSICAL REVIEW B, (2012)
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.195410

Abstract

The vibrational and structural properties of modified double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) were investigated by high-pressure resonance Raman scattering. We studied bromine-intercalated DWNTs grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and C-13(60) peapod-derived DWNTs in comparison with pristine CVD-grown DWNTs. The effects of chemical modification, carbon interwall geometry, and inhomogeneous filling on the high-pressure evolution of the DWNTs have been investigated. We find that the mechanical resistance of the DWNT system is affected both in the case of bromine-intercalated CVD-DWNTs and also for the C-13(60) peapod-derived DWNTs, thus lowering the onset of collapse pressure P-c((onset)) compared with pristine CVD-DWNTs. For bromine CVD-DWNTs, P-c((onset)) was observed to be 13 GPa, well below the 21 GPa found for pristine CVD-DWNTs. Uniaxial constrains in the interstitial regions of the DWNT bundle due to the presence of bromine arrangements explains this mechanical instability rather than a charge transfer process. Isotopic C-13 enrichment of the inner tube reduces the frequency of its tangential contribution to the G-band Raman spectrum, which appears to be an effective method to separate the contribution of inner- and outer-tube G(+) components during pressure evolution. P-c((onset)) was found to be 12 GPa for the C-13(60)-derived DWNT system. In this case, the instability of the DWNT is mainly due to the high inhomogeneous filling of the outer tube, as a consequence of the conversion method used to produce the inner-wall nanotube from the peapods, which produces inner tubes which are usually shorter than the outer tubes, leading to the outer tube not being completely filled.

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