Abstract
The vibrational and structural properties of modified double-wall carbon
nanotubes (DWNTs) were investigated by high-pressure resonance Raman
scattering. We studied bromine-intercalated DWNTs grown by chemical
vapor deposition (CVD) and C-13(60) peapod-derived DWNTs in comparison
with pristine CVD-grown DWNTs. The effects of chemical modification,
carbon interwall geometry, and inhomogeneous filling on the
high-pressure evolution of the DWNTs have been investigated. We find
that the mechanical resistance of the DWNT system is affected both in
the case of bromine-intercalated CVD-DWNTs and also for the C-13(60)
peapod-derived DWNTs, thus lowering the onset of collapse pressure
P-c((onset)) compared with pristine CVD-DWNTs. For bromine CVD-DWNTs,
P-c((onset)) was observed to be 13 GPa, well below the 21 GPa found for
pristine CVD-DWNTs. Uniaxial constrains in the interstitial regions of
the DWNT bundle due to the presence of bromine arrangements explains
this mechanical instability rather than a charge transfer process.
Isotopic C-13 enrichment of the inner tube reduces the frequency of its
tangential contribution to the G-band Raman spectrum, which appears to
be an effective method to separate the contribution of inner- and
outer-tube G(+) components during pressure evolution. P-c((onset)) was
found to be 12 GPa for the C-13(60)-derived DWNT system. In this case,
the instability of the DWNT is mainly due to the high inhomogeneous
filling of the outer tube, as a consequence of the conversion method
used to produce the inner-wall nanotube from the peapods, which produces
inner tubes which are usually shorter than the outer tubes, leading to
the outer tube not being completely filled.
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