Article,

Arrays of InP-based avalanche photodiodes for photon counting

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 13 (4): 870-886 (July 2007)
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2007.904464

Abstract

Arrays of InP-based avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with InGaAsP absorber regions have been fabricated and characterized in the Geiger mode for photon-counting applications. Measurements of APDs with InGaAsP absorbers optimized for 1.06 mu m wavelength show dark count rates (DCRs) < 20 kHz for room-temperature operation with photon detection efficiency (PDE) up to 50\% and a reset or dead time of 1 mu s. APDs with InGaAs absorbers optimized for 1.55 mu m wavelength and 240 K temperature have DCRs < 20 kHz, PDE up to 45\%, and a reset time of similar to 6 mu s. Arrays for both wavelengths have been fabricated and packaged with Gal? microlenses (of 100 and 50 pm pitch) and CMOS readout integrated circuits (ROICs). Comparisons are made between ROICs that operate in the framed-readout mode as well as those that operate in continuous-readout mode.

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