Abstract
The concepts and technical realisation of the high-resolution soft
X-ray beamline ADRESS operating in the energy range from 300 to 1600
eV and intended for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and
angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) are described.
The photon source is an undulator of novel fixed-gap design where
longitudinal movement of permanent magnetic arrays controls not only
the light polarization (including circular and 0-180° rotatable linear
polarizations) but also the energy without changing the gap. The
beamline optics is based on the well established scheme of plane-grating
monochromator operating in collimated light. The ultimate resolving
power E/E is above 33000 at 1 keV photon energy. The choice of blazed
versus lamellar gratings and optimization of their profile parameters
is described. Owing to glancing angles on the mirrors as well as
optimized groove densities and profiles of the gratings, the beamline
is capable of delivering high photon flux up to 1 × 1013 photons
s-1 (0.01% BW)-1 at 1 keV. Ellipsoidal refocusing optics used for
the RIXS endstation demagnifies the vertical spot size down to 4
µm, which allows slitless operation and thus maximal transmission
of the high-resolution RIXS spectrometer delivering E/E > 11000 at
1 keV photon energy. Apart from the beamline optics, an overview
of the control system is given, the diagnostics and software tools
are described, and strategies used for the optical alignment are
discussed. An introduction to the concepts and instrumental realisation
of the ARPES and RIXS endstations is given.
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