Abstract
The continuous volcanic and seismic activity at Mount Etna makes this
volcano an important laboratory for seismological and geophysical
studies. We used repeated three-dimensional tomography to detect
variations in elastic parameters during different volcanic cycles,
before and during the October 2002 - January 2003 flank eruption.
Well-defined anomalous low P- to S-wave velocity ratio volumes were
revealed. Absent during the pre-eruptive period, the anomalies trace
the intrusion of volatile-rich (4 weight percent) basaltic magma,
most of which rose up only a few months before the onset of eruption.
The observed time changes of velocity anomalies suggest that four-dimensional
tomography provides a basis for more efficient volcano monitoring
and short- and midterm eruption forecasting of explosive activity.
10.1126/science.1127724
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