Abstract
We present a simple and general framework to simulate statistically correct
realizations for a system of non-Markovian discrete stochastic processes. We
give the exact analytical solution and a practical an efficient algorithm alike
the Gillespie algorithm for Markovian processes, with the difference that now
the occurrence rates of the events are stochastic processes themselves. We use
our non-Markovian stochastic simulation methodology to investigate the effects
of non-exponential inter-event time distributions in two case studies, the
susceptible-infected-susceptible model of epidemic spreading and biochemical
reactions with time delays. Strikingly, our results unveil the drastic effects
that very subtle differences in the modeling of non-Markovian processes have on
the global behavior of complex systems, with important implications for their
understanding and prediction.
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