Article,
The electronic properties of graphene
Reviews of Modern Physics, (January 2009)
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109
Abstract
This article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene, a
one-atom-thick allotrope of carbon, with unusual two-dimensional
Dirac-like electronic excitations. The Dirac electrons can be controlled
by application of external electric and magnetic fields, or by altering
sample geometry and/or topology. The Dirac electrons behave in unusual
ways in tunneling, confinement, and the integer quantum Hall effect.
The electronic properties of graphene stacks are discussed and vary
with stacking order and number of layers. Edge (surface) states in
graphene depend on the edge termination (zigzag or armchair) and
affect the physical properties of nanoribbons. Different types of
disorder modify the Dirac equation leading to unusual spectroscopic
and transport properties. The effects of electron-electron and electron-phonon
interactions in single layer and multilayer graphene are also presented.
