Zusammenfassung
We propose a scheme for continuously measuring an evolving quantum phase with
precision beyond the standard quantum limit of $\Delta \phi_SQL =
1/N$ radians, where $N$ is the number of pseudospins. Quantum
non-demolition measurements of a lossy cavity mode interacting with an atomic
ensemble are used to directly probe the phase of the collective atomic spin
without converting it into a population difference. Unlike traditional Ramsey
measurement sequences, our scheme allows for real-time tracking of time-varying
signals. As a bonus, spin-squeezed states develop naturally, providing
real-time phase estimation significantly more precise than $\Delta
\phi_SQL$.
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