Abstract
We study the evolution of phase-transition-generated cosmic magnetic fields
coupled to the primeval cosmic plasma in turbulent and viscous free-streaming
regimes. The evolution laws for the magnetic energy density and correlation
length, both in helical and non-helical cases, are found by solving the
autoinduction and Navier-Stokes equations in mean-field approximation.
Analytical results are derived in Minkowski spacetime and then extended to the
case of a Friedmann universe with zero spatial curvature, both in radiation and
matter dominated eras. The three possible viscous free-streaming phases are
characterized by a drag term in the Navier-Stokes equation which depends on the
free-steaming properties of neutrinos, photons, or hydrogen atoms,
respectively. In the case of non-helical magnetic fields, the magnetic
intensity \$B\$ and the magnetic correlation length \$\xi\_B\$ evolve asymptotically
with the temperature \$T\$ as \$B(T) \kappa\_B (N\_i v\_i)^\varrho\_1
(T/T\_i)^\varrho\_2\$ and \$\xi\_B(T) \kappa\_(N\_i v\_i)^\varrho\_3
(T/T\_i)^\varrho\_4\$. Here, \$T\_i\$, \$N\_i\$ and \$v\_i\$ are, respectively, the
temperature, the number of magnetic domains per horizon, and the bulk velocity
at the onset of the particular regime. The coefficients \$\kappa\_B\$,
\$\kappa\_\xi\$, \$\varrho\_1\$, \$\varrho\_2\$, \$\varrho\_3\$, and \$\varrho\_4\$, depend on
the index of the assumed initial power-law magnetic spectrum, \$p\$, and on the
particular regime, with the order-one constants \$\kappa\_B\$ and \$\kappa\_\xi\$
depending also on the cut-off adopted for the initial magnetic spectrum. In the
helical case, the quasi-conservation of the magnetic helicity implies, apart
from logarithmic corrections and a factor proportional to the initial
fractional helicity, power-like evolution laws equal to those in the
non-helical case, but with \$p\$ equal to zero.
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