Incollection,

Lessons of the Indonesian Freedom of Association Protocol

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Economic and social upgrading in global value chains, chapter 18, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, (2022)
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-87320-2_18

Abstract

When the downward spiral of social standards as a negative outcome of globalization for workers and trade unions in the 1990s became more visible, global union federations (GUFs) started to negotiate global agreements with transnational companies or corporate groups, based on the International Labour Organization’s (ILO) core conventions. Today, more than 170 of these international framework agreements (IFAs) to secure social standards have been negotiated (own list), some dedicated to specific topics. Nevertheless, only few IFAs provide local trade unions with specific rights like access to the premises or neutrality in case of unionizing campaigns. A thriving examples come from Indonesia, where Indonesian trade unions, lo¬cal supplier firms and transnational sportswear brand companies concluded an agreement to protect trade union rights, the „Freedom of Association Protocol“. The Indonesian agreement contains detailed provisions to realize freedom of association in practice, as will be analyzed below. This development may be described as the beginning of transnational collective bargaining.

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