Abstract
"Water scarcity in the semi-arid to arid Aral Sea Basin (ASB) in Central Asia together with the effects of population growth and climate change is supposed to imply future conflicts in all water-use sectors and to foster food insecurity in the long-term. An efficient irrigation agriculture and innovative technologies supporting the informed decision-making are expected to distinctly contribute to sustainable regional development, thus to support adaption to climate change and mitigation of agricultural production.
The objective of this study is to present a system of practical numerical values, hence indicators, which is capable of ideally representing the complex state of the regional water use efficiency and cropland productivity in the ASB. Additionally, the system of effective indicators is intended to build-up the contextual core element for observing and monitoring a range of irrigation related questions in the ASB.
Open-source, optical satellite remote sensing (RS) MODIS imagery, climate data, and available statistical data form the basis for the set of indicators. The spatial focus lies on the irrigated cropland area of a size of approximately 8.4 million ha, shared by the countries of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Afghanistan.
The developed indicator system currently consists of 19 indicators, which are grouped into categories referring to land use (e.g., net irrigated area and crop specific acreage), to cropland productivity (e.g., crop specific yield), and to the water use efficiency (e.g., irrigation efficiency, actual evapotranspiration as well as water availability). Derived indicators are provided annually and multi-annually. Thus, they allow to spot at the performance of the irrigated cropland (e.g., identification of marginal lands with low production / crop yields, the localization of areas with lowest or highest land use intensity, and for assessments of the water use efficiency) over time. For multi-annual indicators, temporal aggregations (e.g., fallow land frequency) of observations from all years in the entire monitoring period (2000 until current year) is considered. Furthermore, indicator values are provided at different spatial aggregation levels in the ASB such as administrative boundaries (i.e., provinces, and districts) – and where available - hydrographic planning zones (such as basin irrigation systems authorities, water user associations, and channel command areas).
With the designed system of indicators, scientific results largely based on RS data and methods are provided to a broad user-community in Central Asia for practical purposes. For instance, they are foreseen to contribute to current databases at the regional scale. Moreover, they can be implemented into national and transboundary modeling frameworks on the future perspective of land and water use resources for refining principles in the water management. Derived indicators can be accessed and enhanced with own statistical values by any interested party consulting the online and openly accessible interactive map tool WUEMoCA (Water Use Efficiency Monitor in Central Asia; http://wuemoca.net)."
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