Аннотация
The time-reversal symmetry of nonequilibrium fluctuations is investigated in out-of-equilibrium systems. The dynamical randomness of the nonequilibrium fluctuations is characterized in terms of the standard and time-reversed entropies per unit time of dynamical systems theory. In particular we present experimental results for a Brownian particle in a trap moving at constant speed and for an electric circuit with an imposed mean current showing that their difference equals the thermodynamic entropy production in units of Boltzmann's constant.
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