Lily is a Firefox add-on that allows users to create rich, complex applications in a web browser. With Lily it's possible to make programs that mashup the web or the desktop, visualize and animate data, modify webpages, play music, or connect to world outside the computer.
Sajax is an open source tool to make programming websites using the Ajax framework — also known as XMLHTTPRequest or remote scripting — as easy as possible. Sajax makes it easy to call PHP, Perl or Python functions from your webpages via JavaScript without performing a browser refresh. The toolkit does 99% of the work for you so you have no excuse to not use it.
jMaki is an Ajax framework that provides a lightweight model for creating JavaScript centric Ajax-enabled web applications using Java, PHP, and Phobos.