Why do humans have language and other animals apparently don't? It's one of the most enduring questions in the study of mind and communication. Across all cultures, humans use richly expressive languages built on complex structures, which let us talk about the past, the future, imaginary worlds, moral dilemmas and mathematical truths. No other species does this.
“When living creatures perceive something, they’re concerned with two questions: What is it? and: What should I do about it? You might think that the machinery for answering those questions evolved in that order – like you’d have to know what something is before you can know what to do about it – but it seems likely to have been the opposite. The actions of the simplest creatures when faced with various stimuli in the world are mostly coordinated by pragmatic couplings – signals that are prescriptive rather than descriptive. But these mechanisms laid the foundation for the evolution of decoupled internal representations with true semantic content.”
The physical world is an intricate dance between matter, information, and energy. Recognizing that mitochondria are alive will open new horizons into how we learn about, and build with, biology.
A team of engineers at Johns Hopkins University has found that a school of fish moving together in just the right way is stunningly effective at noise reduction: a school of seven fish sounds like a single fish.
IPNI provides nomenclatural data (spelling, author, types and first place/date of publication) for the scientific names of vascular plants from family to infraspecific ranks.
The Index Fungorum database and web site has moved and is now based at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, a UK non-departmental public body with exempt charitable status and with over 250 years of scientific research on plants and fungi. The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (via the Mycology Section) represents one of the three Index Fungorum partners together with Landcare Research-NZ (the New Zealand Crown Research Institute for terrestrial biodiversity and land resources, managing the national fungal collection PDD) and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science.
The Biodiversity Heritage Library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community.
arXiv is a free distribution service and an open-access archive for 2,303,325 scholarly articles in the fields of physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics. Materials on this site are not peer-reviewed by arXiv.
arXiv is a free distribution service and an open-access archive for 2,299,453 scholarly articles in the fields of physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics.
R. Laubenbacher. Algebraic Biology 2005, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Algebraic Biology - Computer Algebra in Biology, стр. 33-35. Tokyo, Universal Academy Press, (2005)
C. Golbreich, M. Horridge, I. Horrocks, B. Motik, и R. Shearer. Proceedings of the 6th International Semantic Web Conference and 2nd Asian Semantic Web Conference (ISWC/ASWC2007), Busan, South Korea, том 4825 из LNCS, стр. 169--182. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Verlag, (ноября 2007)