a general purpose library and file format for storing scientific data. It arranges data into datasets (multidimensional arrays) and groups (a structure for organizing objects). With extra software support like a viewer, etc...
Guy Steele's keynote at the 1998 ACM OOPSLA conference on "Growing a Language" (mostly about JAVA) discusses the importance of and issues associated with designing a programming language that can be grown by its users.
Gfortran is the name of the GNU Fortran project, developing a free Fortran 95/2003/2008 compiler for GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection. The gfortran development effort uses an open development environment in order to attract a larger team of developers and to ensure that gfortran can work on multiple architectures and diverse environments.
This wiki contains links to binary packages for gfortran, up-to-date status of the compiler, recently fixed bugs, etc. You can find here our "getting started" web page for new users of gfortran.
The goal of this Fortran 90 tutorial is to give a quick introduction to the key differences between Fortran 77 and Fortran 90. It is not a complete reference! Many details have been omitted. This tutorial is based on the book "FORTRAN 77 for Engineers and Scientists with an Introduction to Fortran 90" by L. Nyhoff and S. Leestma published by Prentice Hall.
K. Kennedy, C. Koelbel, и H. Zima. Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages, стр. 7-1--7-22. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2007)