Semantics in Business Systems begins with a description of what semantics are and how they affect business systems. It examines four main aspects of the application of semantics to systems, specifically: How do we infer meaning from unstructured information, how do application systems make meaning as they operate, how do practitioners uncover meaning in business settings, and how do we understand and communicate what we have deduced? This book illustrates how this applies to the future of application system development, especially how it informs and affects Web services and business rule- based approaches, and how semantics will play out with XML and the semantic Web. The book also contains a quick reference guide to related terms and technologies. It is part of Morgan Kaufmann's series of Savvy Manager's Guides.
Barry Smith explains scientific ontologies in the sense that a scientific ontology always refers to something existing in reality. In the talk, ontologies will be treated on `word-level`, i.e. neither technology nor implementation are subject of the talk, but only what comes before that in ontological design.
Classical knowledge representation methods traditionally work with established relations such as synonymy, hierarchy and unspecified associations. Recent developments like
ontologies and folksonomies show new forms of collaboration, indexing and knowledge representation and encourage the reconsideration of standard knowledge relationships. In a
summarizing overview we show which relations are currently utilized in elaborated knowledge representation methods and which may be inherently hidden in folksonomies and ontologies.
J. Attard, S. Scerri, I. Rivera, и S. Handschuh. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Semantic Systems, стр. 113--120. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (2013)